AMD CEO Lisa Su announced on a Thursday conference call that the company now projects the total addressable market for data center CPUs will reach $120 billion by 2030, doubling its November 2025 fore…
Intel and AMD are jointly developing Advanced Performance Extensions (APX), a major expansion of the x86 instruction set that doubles the number of general-purpose registers from 16 to 32 and adds con…
Intel's data center CPU sales surged as AI inference demand shifted system designs from 8-to-1 GPU-to-CPU ratios to 4-to-1 or even 2-to-1 configurations, increasing CPU content per AI system. Intel CF…
AMD and Intel, through the x86 Ecosystem Advisory Group, are standardizing new matrix math instructions called ACE (AI Computation Extensions) to accelerate AI workloads on x86 processors. ACE introdu…
The article summarizes the development of an FPGA-based 80386 core that runs DOS and games at 75 MHz, then shifts focus to analyzing the processor's memory pipeline. It explains that while the 80386's…
The article investigates the performance impact of "split locks" on x86-64 CPUs, which are atomic operations that span two cache lines and force a disruptive "bus lock." Testing on Intel's Arrow Lake …
This article explores the hobbyist-driven microbenchmarking of modern motherboard chipsets, acknowledging that while chipsets have become less critical for performance since CPUs integrated memory con…
Arm's Cortex X925 is a high-performance CPU core designed to compete with desktop-class processors from AMD and Intel, achieving performance parity with AMD's Zen 5 and Intel's Lion Cove in Nvidia's G…
The article describes the author's project to build an 80386-compatible processor core in SystemVerilog using original Intel microcode, with real mode operational and over 10,000 test cases passing. I…
The Arm Cortex A725 is a 5-wide out-of-order core designed for density-optimized performance, serving as the latest in Arm's 7-series line. It is featured in Nvidia's GB10 SoC, which pairs ten A725 co…
The Intel 80386, released in 1985, was the first 32-bit x86 processor, introducing a flat 4GB address space, virtual memory with paging, and an effective protected mode. It significantly improved arit…
The Intel 8086, introduced in 1978, is a 16-bit processor whose arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) performs 28 operations, including addition, subtraction, and bitwise logic. The ALU is controlled by a combi…
The Intel 8087 floating-point coprocessor, released in the 1980s, could accelerate floating-point calculations on IBM PCs by up to 100 times using complex algorithms implemented in microcode. The chip…
The z8086 is a compact, FPGA-friendly 8086/8088 processor core that runs original Intel microcode by loading a recovered 512x21 ROM, rather than hand-coding individual instructions. Written in about 2…
The Intel 8087, introduced in 1980, was a floating-point coprocessor that performed calculations up to 100 times faster than early microprocessors, significantly benefiting IBM PC applications like Au…
The article announces the release of an interactive online browser for the 8086 microprocessor's microcode ROM, created by the author after studying the original chip's design. The tool decodes every …
The Intel 386 processor, introduced in 1985 with 285,000 transistors, used standard cell logic—an automated place-and-route technique—to meet its production schedule after falling behind. The article …
On Void Linux, an NVIDIA MX150 GPU in a ThinkPad T480 was experiencing CUDA initialization failures after sleep/wake cycles due to corrupted GPU memory mappings and MMU faults. The solution involves a…
The article summarizes the reverse-engineering of the Intel 386 processor's input/output (I/O) circuits, which protect the chip from static electricity, latchup, and metastability. It details how spec…
A CT scan of Intel's 1986 386 processor revealed that its ceramic package contains six layers of complex internal wiring, including two separate power and ground networks for I/O and CPU logic. The sc…