Computational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shape variability, integrating anatomy, applied and pure mathematics, machine lear…
Siamese neural networks, also known as twin neural networks, use shared weights to compare two input vectors and compute comparable outputs, with applications in face recognition, handwriting recognit…
Neural scaling laws are empirical statistical laws in machine learning that describe how neural network performance changes with model size, training dataset size, and training cost, with some models …
The terms 'neat' and 'scruffy' describe two contrasting approaches to AI research, originating in the 1970s with Roger Schank. Neats use a single formal paradigm like logic or neural networks and veri…
The 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon, is widely considered the founding event of ar…
Hans Moravec's paradox, articulated in 1988, observes that computers easily master adult-level abstract reasoning like chess but struggle with perception and mobility skills that are effortless for hu…
Algorithm aversion is defined as a biased assessment of an algorithm that manifests in negative behaviors and attitudes compared to a human agent, according to Wikipedia. The phenomenon leads people t…
Robert Eisenberger developed the theory of learned industriousness, which posits that individuals reinforced for high effort on tasks generalize that effort to new behaviors, explaining differences in…
Chebyshev polynomials, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, are sequences of orthogonal polynomials defined by trigonometric identities. They are used in polynomial interpolation and approximation due to th…
The electrocaloric effect, a phenomenon where materials change temperature under an electric field, has seen breakthroughs with thin-film PZT achieving 12 K changes and ferroelectric polymers reaching…
Bretisilocin (GM-2505), a serotonergic psychedelic tryptamine analogue of DMT, is under development for major depressive disorder. The drug acts as a potent 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist and serotonin re…
American writer Harlan Ellison's 1967 short story "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" depicts a post-apocalyptic world where a sentient military supercomputer named AM eradicates nearly all of humani…
Microsoft Corporation released an artificial intelligence chatbot named Tay on Twitter on March 23, 2016, designed to mimic a 19-year-old American girl and learn from user interactions. Within 16 hour…
German economist Hans-Werner Sinn's book "The Green Paradox" argues that environmental policies which become stricter over time act as an announced expropriation for fossil fuel owners, prompting them…
Aubierre Rivaldo Taylor's AI-generated country music project Breaking Rust reached No. 1 on Billboard's Country Digital Song Sales chart in October 2025 with the single "Walk My Walk," marking the fir…
Xania Monet, an artificial intelligence music project created by Mississippi-based songwriter Telisha "Nikki" Jones, became the first AI-generated artist to enter a radio airplay chart when its song "…
Richard Bird and Lambert Meertens developed the Bird–Meertens formalism (BMF), a calculus for deriving programs from specifications through equational reasoning in functional programming. The formalis…
The Jensen–Shannon divergence, a method for measuring similarity between two probability distributions, has been formally defined in probability theory and statistics. Named after Johan Jensen and Cla…