Robert Bjork

A developer warns that AI tools can cause 'deskilling' by removing the difficulties that build expertise, citing the psychological concept of 'desirable difficulties' from Robert and Elizabeth Bjork. …

A developer reflects on how learning to code without AI in 2013 built structural understanding through desirable difficulty, contrasting it with the experience of the first generation to grow up with …

AI chatbots that make learning feel too easy may actually impair long-term retention, according to a randomized trial with about a thousand high-school students published in PNAS. Students who used a …