# What Is TimesFM? Google's Time-Series Foundation Model Explained, and How to Run It in Your Browser > Source: > Published: 2026-10-17 22:59:35+00:00 *A plain-English guide to Google's TimesFM: what it is, how it's built, why it's called a "foundation model", and what you can do with it, from forecasting CO₂ and oil prices to World Series odds, running free in a web browser.* **Try it now:** [https://vishalmysore.github.io/webTimesFM/](https://vishalmysore.github.io/webTimesFM/) **Code:** [https://github.com/vishalmysore/webTimesFM](https://github.com/vishalmysore/webTimesFM) **Model files (ONNX):** [https://huggingface.co/VishalMysore/timesfm-2.5-200m-onnx-web](https://huggingface.co/VishalMysore/timesfm-2.5-200m-onnx-web) **TimesFM** (short for **Time Series Foundation Model**) is an open AI model from **Google Research** that forecasts numbers over time. Give it any list of numbers in time order, such as daily sales, monthly rainfall, hourly electricity use or a stock price, and it predicts what comes next, together with a range of likely outcomes. What makes it special is that **you don't have to train it**. TimesFM has already learned what trends, seasons and cycles look like from about **100 billion real-world data points**. It can forecast a series it has never seen before, straight away. This is called **zero-shot forecasting**. It was introduced in the research paper *"A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecasting"* by Abhimanyu Das, Weihao Kong, Rajat Sen and Yichen Zhou (ICML 2024). The code and the model weights up to version 2.5 are open source under the **Apache-2.0** licence. **In one sentence:** TimesFM is like ChatGPT, but instead of reading and writing words, it reads and writes numbers. A **foundation model** is a large AI model that is: GPT, Gemini and Claude are foundation models for **text**. TimesFM is a foundation model for **time series**, along with others such as Amazon's Chronos, Salesforce's Moirai, Lag-Llama and Nixtla's TimeGPT. | | Traditional model (ARIMA, Prophet, ETS) | Foundation model (TimesFM) | |---|---|---| | Training | Fitted separately for **each** series | Trained **once** , used for everything | | Setup | Needs a data scientist to choose and tune | Paste your numbers, get a forecast | | Knowledge | Knows only that one series | Has "seen" millions of patterns | | Uncertainty | Often a single line, or a fitted interval | Built-in quantiles (10%…90%) for every step | | Best when | You have one important series and time to tune | You have many series, little time, or little history | TimesFM is a **decoder-only transformer**, the same family of neural network as GPT, Gemini and Llama, from Google's 2017 paper *"Attention Is All You Need"*. Google's key change is what counts as a "token": | | Language model (GPT-style) | TimesFM | |---|---|---| | Input token | a word or piece of a word | a **patch of 32 consecutive numbers** | | Task | predict the next word | predict the **next 128 numbers** | | Trained on | text from the internet | **~100 billion real time points** | | Output | probabilities over a vocabulary | actual values plus **quantiles** (a range) | Feeding the model **patches** instead of single values (an idea also used by PatchTST) makes long histories cheap to read. Predicting a long **output patch** of 128 steps at once makes forecasts fast and stable. These values come from the model's published configuration: ``` Your numbers ──► split into patches of 32 ──► normalise each patch (mean and spread) │ ▼ Input block: a small residual neural network turns each patch into a 1,280-number token │ ▼ 20 transformer layers × 16 attention heads • each patch attends only to earlier patches (decoder-only, causal) • rotary position embeddings (knows the order) • RMS normalisation and QK-norm (stable training) │ ▼ Output block ──► next 128 steps × [mean, 10th, 20th … 90th percentile] ``` | Setting | TimesFM 2.5 | |---|---| | Parameters | about 200 million | | Transformer layers | 20 | | Model width | 1,280, with 16 attention heads | | Input patch | 32 time steps | | Output per pass | 128 time steps | | Longest history (context) | **16,384** points | | Uncertainty | 9 quantiles per step, plus an optional quantile head for horizons up to 1,024 | For horizons longer than 128 steps, the model feeds its own forecast back in and goes again, the way a chatbot writes one word after another. According to the original paper, the pre-training mix includes: That variety is why one model can forecast carbon dioxide, sunspots, shop sales and oil prices. `safetensors` file (925 MB for 2.5). | Version | Released | Size | Max history | What changed | Weights licence | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | TimesFM 1.0 | 2024 | 200M | 512 | The original, from the ICML paper | Apache-2.0 | | TimesFM 2.0 | 2024–25 | 500M | 2,048 | Bigger model, more data | Apache-2.0 | | **TimesFM 2.5** | **Sept 2025** | **200M** | **16,384** | Smaller but longer memory; continuous quantile head; no frequency setting; covariates via XReg (Oct 2025) | **Apache-2.0** | | TimesFM 3.0 | Aug 2026 | larger | long | Native multivariate forecasting and covariates; tops fev-bench, the TIME benchmark and GIFT-Eval (per Google) | Non-commercial for downloaded weights; commercial use through Google Cloud BigQuery ML | **Why this project uses TimesFM 2.5:** it's small enough to download into a browser, it can read up to 16k points of history, and its Apache-2.0 weights can be used freely, including commercially. **[webTimesFM](https://vishalmysore.github.io/webTimesFM/)** runs Google's TimesFM 2.5 **entirely inside a web page**. There's no server, no Python and no sign-up, and your data never leaves your computer. ``` Google's PyTorch weights (safetensors, 925 MB) └─► converted to ONNX (portable model format) └─► quantised to 8-bit (261 MB) or 4-bit (146 MB) └─► ONNX Runtime Web (runs AI models in the browser) └─► WebGPU (your graphics card) or WASM (your CPU) └─► timesfm.js + index.html on GitHub Pages ``` Every example on the site has a **Hold back** option. It hides the most recent data, forecasts it, and scores the result against the simplest possible guess, **"no change"**. **CO₂ at Mauna Loa:** a steady rise plus a yearly cycle. TimesFM forecast five years ahead almost exactly, **95% better than "no change"**. **Sunspots:** the ~11-year solar cycle. Reading 85 years of history, TimesFM predicted the next cycle's rise and peak a decade ahead. **World extreme poverty:** TimesFM saw the steady decline up to 2018 and expected it to continue. It couldn't know COVID-19 would stall progress in 2020. **The rule of thumb:** TimesFM is excellent at **patterns** (trends, seasons, cycles), but it can't see **events** (pandemics, wars, policy changes) until they show up in the numbers. For prices, "no change" is very hard to beat; the **uncertainty band** is the most useful output. The **Current affairs** tab points TimesFM at this week's news, with data refreshed automatically every day by a GitHub Action. **World Series odds** combine three steps: On 17 October 2026, after the Brewers swept the Dodgers, the model gives **Milwaukee about a 71% chance** of winning the World Series. TimesFM's band moves the odds only slightly. The series score and the season's results do most of the work, and the page says so. **Oil and Bitcoin** get 30-day forecasts with uncertainty bands, and the page explains why prices are so hard to forecast. TimesFM reads only numbers, so a second, much smaller model reads the headlines. Every day, up to 100 Google News headlines per topic (oil, Bitcoin, each playoff team) are scored with **VADER**, a lightweight sentiment model. They're averaged into a daily **news tone** from −10 to +10. **Tone isn't direction.** "War escalates" sounds negative but pushes oil prices *up*. So the news never moves the forecast. It works as a **warning light** instead: Replaying August to October 2026 with no hindsight, **three of five oil-news alerts came just before big Brent moves** (+7%, +10%, +18%), and one big jump was missed. Even the stormy band was too narrow for the war spike. News can tell you **when** to worry, not always **how much**. Copy [`timesfm.js`](https://github.com/vishalmysore/webTimesFM/blob/main/timesfm.js) next to your page, then: ``` ``` **No code?** Open the site's **Tutorial** tab. It shows how to paste a column from Excel or Google Sheets, upload a CSV, choose context and horizon, and check accuracy with Hold back. For Python, use Google's official package and examples at [github.com/google-research/timesfm](https://github.com/google-research/timesfm). **[https://vishalmysore.github.io/webTimesFM/](https://vishalmysore.github.io/webTimesFM/)**: open it, click **Load model** (a one-time 261 MB download), pick an example, and press **Forecast**. Everything runs on your own machine. **Please read before using the forecasts on this site or in this article.** This is a free, open-source demonstration for learning and research. It's provided **as is**, with no warranty of any kind. The author isn't liable for any loss or damage arising from its use. Always verify important numbers with the original sources.