Researchers urgently need a rigorous, task-based framework to define and measure medical AI ‘superintelligence’, because existing benchmarks are misleading and insufficient.
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Y.L., P.-H.C.C. and M.S. are employees of Google. J.R. is an employee of Meta. D.L.-M. is an employee of Amazon. P.M.-Y. is an employee of Anthropic. K.S. is an employee of OpenAI. E.H. is an employee of Microsoft. E.G. and A.R. report consulting fees from Google. L.G.M. and D.W. report consulting fees from Meta. J.H.C. reports co-founding Reaction Explorer, which develops and licenses organic chemistry education software; and receiving consulting fees from Sutton Pierce, Younker Hyde Macfarlane and Sykes McAllister as a medical expert witness. J.H.C. receives funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Services (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Award, NIH/Center for Undiagnosed Diseases at Stanford, Stanford Bio-X, Stanford RAISE Health, the Josiah Macy Jr Foundation and the Stanford CARE AI Scholar Fellowship. The other authors declare no competing interests.
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Goh, E., Wu, D., Walton, C. et al. Toward a test of medical AI superintelligence.
Nat Med (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04539-8 Published:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04539-8