Key ecosystem metrics across 5,000+ websites using Agent Analytics and AI Chat Referral Tracking. ↓ 2%
Compared to the previous 90 days
The amount of visits from bots vs. humans
↑ 11%
Compared to the previous 90 days
The percentage of bot traffic that's AI-related
↓ 9%
Compared to the previous 90 days
AI Agent
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
AI Assistant
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
AI Coding Agent
AI Coding Agent
Fetches documentation and other resources to help build software
AI Data Provider
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
AI Data Scraper
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
AI Search Crawler
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
Archiver
Archiver
Captures and stores historical website snapshots for long-term digital preservation
Automated Agent
Automated Agent
Automates browser interactions programmatically without direct human supervision
Developer Helper
Developer Helper
Assists with testing, debugging, and ensuring website functionality
Fetcher
Fetcher
Retrieves web page metadata to power app features like link previews or feeds
Intelligence Gatherer
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
Scraper
Scraper
Extracts large amounts of web data, often without explicit website permission
Search Engine Crawler
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
Security Scanner
Security Scanner
Scans websites for security vulnerabilities, threats, and configuration weaknesses
SEO Crawler
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
Uncategorized
Uncategorized
Not yet assigned a type
Undocumented AI Agent
Undocumented AI Agent
Crawls websites without disclosing its purpose, collecting data for an unknown AI use case
Hover over each agent type for more information about what they do
Agent types with the most activity
bingbot SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
8.2%
Googlebot SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
7.9%
AhrefsBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
6.2%
Known Agent DEV
Developer Helper
Assists with testing, debugging, and ensuring website functionality
5.5%
ChatGPT-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
3.3%
ClaudeBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
3.2%
PetalBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
3.2%
SemrushBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
3.0%
facebookexternalhit FTCH
Fetcher
Retrieves web page metadata to power app features like link previews or feeds
2.6%
meta-externalagent SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
2.3%
Amazonbot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
2.3%
MJ12bot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
2.2%
Amzn-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
2.2%
DotBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
2.1%
Applebot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
2.1%
Agents with the most activity
Operators with the most activity
These bots scrape website content to train AI models. Some belong to AI companies, while others belong to third-party services that resell the data. Automatic Robots.txt can block unwanted scraping. Included agent types include AI Data Providers and AI Data Scrapers.
AI Data Provider
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
AI Data Scraper
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
AI scraping activity by agent type over time
Computers and Electronics
5.3%
Business and Industrial
5.0%
Internet and Telecom
4.5%
Website categories with most activity
ClaudeBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
27.0%
meta-externalagent SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
19.5%
Amazonbot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
19.2%
GPTBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
9.4%
Bytespider SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
7.3%
ShapBot PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
5.6%
GoogleOther SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
3.9%
CCBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
2.3%
Timpibot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
1.8%
YouBot PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
1.4%
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
0.8%
Diffbot PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
0.5%
DeepSeekBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
0.4%
TerraCotta PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
0.3%
AIWebIndex PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
0.2%
Agents doing the most AI scraping
Operators doing the most AI scraping
These bots fetch website content in real time to power AI assistants, coding agents, and other retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) tasks. Pages inform responses on the spot, such as when an assistant summarizes an article or a coding agent references documentation. Included agent types include AI Assistants and AI Coding Agents.
AI Assistant
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
AI Coding Agent
AI Coding Agent
Fetches documentation and other resources to help build software
AI fetching activity by agent type over time
Computers and Electronics
2.3%
Travel and Transportation
1.9%
Business and Industrial
1.8%
Internet and Telecom
1.7%
Website categories with most activity
ChatGPT-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
86.4%
DuckAssistBot ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
3.3%
Perplexity-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
2.7%
Claude-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
2.5%
MistralAI-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
2.1%
Claude-Code CODE
AI Coding Agent
Fetches documentation and other resources to help build software
1.1%
Shap-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
1.0%
Google-NotebookLM ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.4%
Cursor CODE
AI Coding Agent
Fetches documentation and other resources to help build software
0.4%
Gemini-Deep-Research ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
meta-externalfetcher ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
Code CODE
AI Coding Agent
Fetches documentation and other resources to help build software
0.0%
kagi-fetcher ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
QualifiedBot ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
Agents doing the most AI fetching
Operators doing the most AI fetching
These bots crawl website content so it can be surfaced in AI search engines and AI-generated answers. Those answers often include citations or links back to the source pages. Included agent types include AI Search Crawlers.
AI Search Crawler
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
AI search indexing activity by agent type over time
Travel and Transportation
6.8%
Books and Literature
4.9%
Computers and Electronics
4.6%
Arts and Entertainment
4.5%
Website categories with most activity
PetalBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
25.4%
Amzn-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
17.3%
Applebot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
16.7%
OAI-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
11.9%
meta-webindexer SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
10.8%
Claude-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
10.4%
PerplexityBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
3.4%
LinkupBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
3.4%
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.3%
xAI-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.2%
AzureAI-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.2%
AddSearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.0%
Anomura SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.0%
MistralAI-Index SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.0%
amazon-kendra SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.0%
Agents doing the most AI search indexing
Operators doing the most AI search indexing
These bots use browsers to autonomously navigate websites, click through pages, and make decisions to complete tasks for people. Agentic UX best practices and Google PageSpeed Insights help evaluate how well websites support them. Included agent types include AI Agents.
↓ 5%
Compared to the previous 90 days
The average duration of a session
↓ 1%
Compared to the previous 90 days
The average number of pages visited per session
AI Agent
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
AI browsing activity by agent type over time
Computers and Electronics
0.0%
Internet and Telecom
0.0%
Travel and Transportation
0.0%
Business and Industrial
0.0%
Books and Literature
0.0%
Arts and Entertainment
0.0%
Website categories with most activity
Google-Agent AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
43.0%
Manus-User AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
40.1%
ChatGPT Agent AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
16.9%
NovaAct AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
0.0%
GoogleAgent-Mariner AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
0.0%
AmazonBuyForMe AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
0.0%
TwinAgent AGNT
AI Agent
Uses an actual web browser to autonomously complete complex tasks on behalf of a human user
0.0%
Agents doing the most AI browsing
Operators doing the most AI browsing
See which robots.txt rules are set across the web and how well agents follow them. An agent's Robots.txt Effectiveness measures the effectiveness of a disallow rule for it by estimating how much the agent reduces its traffic after it's blocked.
How often
[all agents](/agents) across all agent types follow robots.txt rules
[LinkupBot](/agents/linkupbot)
SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
100.0%
serpstatbot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
100.0%
proximic INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
ClarityBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
100.0%
IAS crawler INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
Barkrowler SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
100.0%
um-IC INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
SEOkicks SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
100.0%
Dragonfly INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
AffsignalCrawler INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
meta-externalads INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
UptimeRobot DEV
Developer Helper
Assists with testing, debugging, and ensuring website functionality
100.0%
Leikibot INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
TTD-Content INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
100.0%
Agents with the best [Robots.txt Effectiveness](#measuring-robots-txt-effectiveness) percentages
[Baiduspider](/agents/baiduspider)
SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
82.6%
SirdataBot UNC
Uncategorized
Not yet assigned a type
84.5%
ShapBot PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
90.4%
YandexBot SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
91.2%
Sogou web spider SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
92.7%
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
93.2%
Scrapy SCRP
Scraper
Extracts large amounts of web data, often without explicit website permission
93.8%
Amazonbot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
94.7%
HeadlessChrome AUTO
Automated Agent
Automates browser interactions programmatically without direct human supervision
95.4%
linkfluence INT
Intelligence Gatherer
Analyzes web content for brand safety, competitive insights, and ad targeting
95.9%
DotBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
96.1%
OAI-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
96.3%
ChatGPT-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
96.8%
archive.org_bot ARCH
Archiver
Captures and stores historical website snapshots for long-term digital preservation
96.9%
Agents with the worst Robots.txt Effectiveness percentages ●
GPTBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
24.6%
●
CCBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
22.6%
●
ClaudeBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
21.7%
●
Bytespider SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
18.9%
●
PerplexityBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
17.9%
●
ChatGPT-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
16.1%
●
anthropic-ai UND
Undocumented AI Agent
Crawls websites without disclosing its purpose, collecting data for an unknown AI use case
15.8%
●
meta-externalagent SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
15.6%
●
Amazonbot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
15.6%
●
Diffbot PVDR
AI Data Provider
Crawls websites to supply structured content to AI systems as a third-party service
14.0%
●
Claude-Web UND
Undocumented AI Agent
Crawls websites without disclosing its purpose, collecting data for an unknown AI use case
14.0%
●
cohere-ai UND
Undocumented AI Agent
Crawls websites without disclosing its purpose, collecting data for an unknown AI use case
14.0%
●
omgili SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
13.5%
Agents blocked by the most top websites
See which agents are most frequently impersonated, and how spoofing activity changes over time. A visit is considered spoofed when it claims a recognized agent identity but fails that agent's supported authentication method, such as verified IP or Web Bot Auth.
Active Threat: AI Bot Spoofing Campaign
We are observing a widespread campaign impersonating AI bots to scan websites for vulnerabilities. The attacker appears to be targeting credential and configuration paths used by AI coding tools.
Contact us for more information. The percentage of impersonated website traffic for each agent identity over time
●
Googlebot SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
0.5%
●
ChatGPT-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.1%
●
GPTBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
0.1%
●
OAI-SearchBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.1%
●
PerplexityBot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.1%
●
ClaudeBot SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
0.0%
●
Applebot SRCH
AI Search Crawler
Indexes website content to possibly include as citations in AI-powered search results
0.0%
●
bingbot SRCH
Search Engine Crawler
Systematically scans and indexes web pages to include in search results
0.0%
●
Perplexity-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
●
MistralAI-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
●
GoogleOther SCRP
AI Data Scraper
Downloads website content to include in datasets used for training AI models such as LLMs
0.0%
●
AhrefsBot SEO
SEO Crawler
Analyzes website structure and content to identify SEO improvement opportunities
0.0%
●
Claude-User ASST
AI Assistant
Fetches website content in response to a user prompt, to include in an AI-generated answer
0.0%
The most impersonated agent identities
/.config/anthropic/credentials/default.json
/.claude/settings.json
/.claude.json
/.hermes/.env
/.openclaw/.env
/.codex/config.toml
/.continue/config.json
/.aider.conf.yml
/service-account.json
/firebase-adminsdk.json
/firebase-config.json
/.aws/credentials
/.aws/config
/proc/self/environ
/.git-credentials
/.npmrc
/.env.local
/.env.production
/.env.backup
/backend/.env
/api/.env
/admin/.env
/config/.env
/laravel/.env
/credentials.json
/secrets.json
/secrets.yml
/key.json
/rclone.conf
A selection of top recently targeted paths
See which AI platforms like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini cite websites and send them human referral traffic. Citations are estimated. Google's guide explains how websites can optimize their content to be more visible in AI chat responses (GEO).
Computers and Electronics
2.3%
Travel and Transportation
1.9%
Business and Industrial
1.8%
Internet and Telecom
1.6%
Website categories most frequently cited in AI chat responses
Travel and Transportation
0.3%
Computers and Electronics
0.1%
Business and Industrial
0.1%
Internet and Telecom
0.0%
Website categories receiving the most referrals from AI chat
The Index is updated daily with completed days of traffic, security, and referral data from more than 5,000 websites using Agent Analytics and AI Chat Referral Tracking. The current partial day is excluded. Percentage-change tags compare the current period with the preceding period of the same duration. Agent names, operators, and classifications come from the Agent Directory, which is updated as new agents are discovered or existing agents change. Website categories follow the taxonomy used by Google AdSense. Participating websites are not a random sample of the entire web, and the qualifying set can change as websites connect, disconnect, or cross activity thresholds. Results characterize the observed network and broader directional trends; they should not be interpreted as a precise census of global web traffic.
Only websites meeting minimum activity and data-quality requirements are included. Internal, test, incomplete, or anomalous data is excluded. Bot traffic percentages use total server traffic as their denominator. AI chat referral percentages use estimated human traffic, calculated by excluding identified bot visits from total server traffic. Rates are calculated for each qualifying website first, then averaged across websites and completed days. This gives each website equal weight regardless of traffic volume and prevents a small number of high-traffic websites from dominating the results. Daily charts are not smoothed, allowing normal seasonality to remain visible.
An agent's Robots.txt Effectiveness estimates the reduction in its request rate associated with a full disallow rule. For each completed day, Known Agents establishes an agent-specific baseline from qualifying websites where that agent is allowed, adjusts the baseline for the overall traffic of each website where the agent is disallowed, and compares the expected activity with the activity actually observed. Only website-day observations with sufficient site traffic, agent activity, cross-site coverage, and expected volume qualify. Scores also require repeated observations across multiple websites and days. When an agent publishes a supported authentication method, only verified traffic is attributed to it.
Each qualifying website-day contributes equally. Scores range from 0%, meaning no measurable reduction, to 100%, meaning no qualifying requests were observed where the agent was disallowed. The headline Robots.txt Effectiveness metric gives each qualifying agent equal weight. Because this is an observational estimate rather than a controlled experiment, it measures an association with robots.txt rules but does not claim that robots.txt caused every observed difference. Top Blocked Bots is calculated separately using daily robots.txt scans of Similarweb's top 1,000 websites.
Spoofing statistics measure traffic from visits that claim the identity of a known agent but fail a supported authentication method, such as published IP verification or HTTP message signatures. Each agent's daily rate is calculated against total server traffic for every qualifying website, then averaged across websites. A failed check indicates that the visit was likely impersonating the named agent; it does not identify the software or operator that actually made the request. Agents without a supported authentication method are not included in these measurements.
AI chat referral statistics count directly observed human visits carrying a recognized AI platform in the referring URL or campaign source. Visits without usable referral information cannot be attributed to an AI platform. Citation statistics are estimates based on requests from agents known to retrieve content for AI platforms. Those requests indicate that content may have informed a response, but they do not confirm that a source appeared as a citation to a user. Because AI platforms do not provide a complete public record of their sources, citation results should be interpreted as directional patterns rather than exact citation counts.
#
Can journalists and media organizations use this data?
Absolutely. You may cite The Agentic Web Index with attribution and a link to this page. For interviews, fact-checking, background context, or a more specific breakdown for a story, contact us and include your deadline.
#
Do you work with researchers?
Absolutely. We welcome thoughtful research into how agents and bots are changing the web. Tell us about your research question, timeframe, and intended use. Depending on the scope and data constraints, we may be able to provide additional context, compare approaches, or explore a joint analysis.
#
Can I request a specific analysis?
Yes. If you need a breakdown by agent, operator, activity type, website category, or time period that is not shown here, contact us. When the underlying data supports it, we can examine the question and provide a focused analysis.