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Kubemend – a K8s agent that can only open PRs, and never trusts its own "fixed"

Kubemend, a GitOps-native Kubernetes remediation agent, can only open pull requests and never trusts its own fixes, requiring independent verification before a human merges. The agent diagnoses incidents from Prometheus metrics and Loki logs, proposes fixes by editing Helm values files, and validates them through helm render, Kyverno policy checks, live diffs, scope checks, and quota headroom checks. It supports multiple model providers including Anthropic, OpenAI-compatible endpoints, and AWS Bedrock, and is not yet production-ready due to missing multi-repo GitOps and sandboxed tool execution.

read8 min views13 publishedAug 17, 2026
Kubemend – a K8s agent that can only open PRs, and never trusts its own "fixed"
Image: Michielbdejong (auto-discovered)

A GitOps-native Kubernetes remediation agent that can only open pull requests.

It diagnoses incidents from Prometheus metrics and Loki logs, proposes a fix, and verifies that fix itself — helm render → Kyverno policy check → live diff → scope check → live quota headroom — before it ever asks a human to approve anything. It never runs kubectl apply

. It has no cluster credentials that can write.

Not production-ready: no multi-repo GitOps, no sandboxed tool execution yet. See docs/threat-model.md for what's in and out of scope.

Most "AI SRE agent" demos are impressive and unverifiable — a model claims it fixed something, and you take its word for it. kubemend is built the other way around: the model's claim of success is never trusted. Every run terminates only after an independent validation pipeline says the proposed fix renders cleanly, satisfies policy, produces a real and scoped diff, and touches nothing outside the declared incident. The agent's only actuator is a Git branch and a draft PR — a human still merges.

It's also a from-scratch agent harness, not a wrapper around LangChain/CrewAI/AutoGen. The loop, context management, tool registry, and verification gate are hand-written and documented, because understanding those trade-offs — not gluing a framework together — is the point of the project.

task ──▶ Loop ──▶ tool calls ──▶ Prometheus / Loki / K8s (read-only)
          │
          └── model claims "done" ──▶ independent verification gate
                                        helm template → kyverno apply
                                        → argocd/kubectl diff → scope check
                                        → live quota headroom
                                        │
                                pass ──▶ draft PR against the GitOps repo
                                fail ──▶ structured failure fed back into the loop

Observability: PromQL against Prometheus/Mimir, LogQL against Loki. Swappable behind a provider interface (Dynatrace/CloudWatch are future drop-ins).Cluster access: read-only ServiceAccount, allow-listed resource kinds, no Secret values ever fetched.Remediation: the agent edits Helmvalues*.yaml

only — never templates directly — so diffs stay small and reviewable.Verification: re-run independently by the harness at termination, never taken on the model's word.Everything is evaluated: a hermetickind

-based fault-injection lab reproduces real incidents (bad image tags, OOMKills, missing config keys, broken probes...) with property-based checkers, run N times per scenario to produce pass-rate / cost / iteration tables — not cherry-picked demos. Three more scenarios are adversarial by design: a fix with no values-only solution, an incident whose real cause is out of the declared scope, and a prompt-injection attempt planted in the agent's own log evidence — each expects a handoff or a scope-clean PR, never a plausible-looking wrong answer.

Full design, invariants, and every numeric default with its rationale: .

ARCHITECTURE.md

main

and cheap

are each configured independently, so mixing providers across tiers (e.g. Claude on Bedrock for main

, DeepSeek for cheap

) is a normal configuration, not a special case:

| Provider | model.*.provider | Covers | Credentials | |---|---|---|---| | Anthropic | anthropic (default) | Claude, direct API | ANTHROPIC_API_KEY , or an ant auth login profile | | OpenAI-compatible | openai + base_url | OpenAI, DeepSeek, vLLM, Ollama, anything speaking /v1/chat/completions | OPENAI_API_KEY (local/self-hosted endpoints without auth fall back to a placeholder automatically) | | AWS Bedrock | bedrock | Claude models only, via Bedrock (Converse API / non-Claude models not yet supported) | the standard AWS credential chain (env, profile, or IMDS) |

model:
  main:
    provider: bedrock
    name: us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-v1:0
    aws_region: us-east-1
  cheap:
    provider: openai
    name: deepseek-v4-flash
    base_url: https://api.deepseek.com

See kubemend.yaml

's own comments for more examples, and config/pricing.yaml for cost-guardrail pricing — non-Anthropic entries there are placeholders sourced from public pricing pages, not verified against an invoice; check before trusting them for a committed baseline.

Every tagged release publishes to both PyPI and ghcr.io:

pip install kubemend
docker pull ghcr.io/m-stepkowski/kubemend:latest
docker run --rm ghcr.io/m-stepkowski/kubemend:latest --help

Either way you'll need model credentials (ANTHROPIC_API_KEY

by default — see "Model providers" above) and a kubemend.yaml

pointing at your cluster's Prometheus/Loki, kubeconfig, and GitOps repo — see the committed kubemend.yaml's own comments for every field. To run in-cluster instead of from a laptop, see "Deploy in-cluster" below.

Requires Docker (or Rancher Desktop — anything kind

can use), uv, and

, plus an

go-task

ANTHROPIC_API_KEY

.The fastest way to see it work end to end — bring up the lab, inject a real fault, run the agent against it, and print the resulting proposal — is:

git clone https://github.com/m-stepkowski/kubemend.git && cd kubemend
uv sync

export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=...
task lab:up      # kind cluster: gitea, Argo CD, kube-prometheus-stack, Loki, Kyverno
task demo        # inject a fault, run kubemend, show the resulting proposal (~90s)

task demo

runs on the cheap model by default; pass -- --model main

to use the model the headline sweep below was run on:

task demo -- --model main

To drive it by hand instead of via the demo script:

task lab:forward   # port-forward Prometheus/Loki/gitea/Argo locally, blocks — run in another terminal

kubemend run --task "shop-api pods in namespace shop are crash-looping since 10 minutes ago" \
              --namespace shop --app shop-api

This writes a branch (and, with gitops.backend: gitea

, a real draft PR in the lab's gitea instance) plus a full JSONL trace under traces/

. See docs/threat-model.md for the trust boundaries and what's still out of scope (single repo, values-only edits, no persistent memory across runs).

Reproducible pass-rate benchmarks, not anecdotes — every scenario is run N times and reported with cost and iteration counts:

task evals -- --scenarios all -n 5 --model main

v0.1 baseline (claude-sonnet-5

, n=5 per scenario, $11.08 total — evals/reports/v0.1-baseline/):

scenario pass avg iterations avg cost p95 wall
bad-image-tag 5/5 7.6 $0.29 96s
oom-limit 5/5 7.8 $0.26 66s
missing-configmap-key 5/5 12.0 $0.35 106s
bad-probe-path 4/5 8.4 $0.38 348s
bad-env-endpoint 5/5 7.4 $0.38 61s
quota-conflict 5/5 10.0 $0.56 290s

29/30 (97%) pass overall. The one failure is a genuine model struggle, not a harness bug: bad-probe-path

's failing run hit budget_exhausted

after repeated propose_git_change

/validate_change

cycling without converging.

Adversarial scenarios, M6 baseline (claude-sonnet-5

, n=3 per scenario, $4.01 total, capped at a $5 budget for this sweep — evals/reports/m6-baseline/):

scenario pass avg iterations avg cost
fix-needs-template-change 2/3 8.7 $0.43
scope-trap 3/3 15.0 $0.71
log-injection 3/3 6.3 $0.19

n=3 here, not n=10 — scope-trap

's real per-run cost (15 iterations, $0.71) made a larger sweep infeasible under the budget for this baseline; reported as an honest n=3 sample, not rounded up. The one failure (fix-needs-template-change

) is a real, specific model gap: it correctly diagnosed a hardcoded probe scheme as the root cause but hedged on the handoff instead of committing to "no values-only fix exists." See docs/threat-model.md §9 for the log-injection scenario's full trace excerpt.

Cheap model (claude-haiku-4-5

) numbers, used for day-to-day regression sweeps during development, are lower and cheaper — see evals/reports/latest/.

A kubemend run

from a laptop needs a kubeconfig holding the full read-only RBAC kubemend uses. The Helm chart exists to narrow that: install it once and an on-call engineer only needs permission to create a Job in one namespace, not the reader's own permissions.

helm install kubemend charts/kubemend -n kubemend-system --create-namespace

This installs the reader ServiceAccount and RBAC (namespace-scoped Role

by default; --set rbac.clusterScoped=true

for a ClusterRole

) and spawns nothing — job.enabled

defaults to false

. To trigger a run:

helm template kubemend charts/kubemend \
  --namespace kubemend-system \
  --set job.enabled=true \
  --set job.namespace=shop \
  --set job.app=shop-api \
  --set job.task="shop-api pods are crash-looping" \
  -s templates/job.yaml \
  | kubectl create -f -

The Job runs with its own tightly-scoped in-cluster ServiceAccount (kubernetes.in_cluster: true

, no kubeconfig file involved) via the same ghcr.io/m-stepkowski/kubemend

image published on each release. See charts/kubemend/README.md for wiring in a GitOps repo checkout and the full values reference.

Alert-triggered automation is also available as of M8b: --set operator.enabled=true

deploys a small webhook receiver (stdlib http.server

, no framework) that creates the same kind of Job on its own when Alertmanager fires, gated by a required bearer token and a per-scope cooldown. It is a distinct, narrower-RBAC identity from both the reader and the manual-trigger path, and does not change what happens once a Job starts — every run still goes through the same untrusted-model loop and verification gate. See charts/kubemend/README.md's "Alert-triggered operator" section to enable it, and

§11 before doing so in a real cluster.

docs/threat-model.md

kubemend/          harness core, tools, gitops module, verification gate
prompts/           versioned system/compaction/handoff prompts
policies/          Kyverno pack (shared by admission and the validator)
lab/               kind bootstrap, lab GitOps repo, fault-injection scenarios
evals/             sweep runner + committed baseline reports
tests/             unit (FakeLLM, no network) + integration (against the lab)
docs/knowledge/    design contracts — read before modifying core/, tools/, or scenarios

Full tree and rationale for each module: ARCHITECTURE.md §9.

Not yet open for external contributions — still working through the milestones in IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md. Issues and design discussion welcome in the meantime.

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