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Karpathy's Pelican

Andrej Karpathy, a prominent AI researcher and former Tesla AI director, reported that Anthropic's Opus 5 model spent about two hours generating 5,500 lines of JavaScript code to procedurally render a 3D version of the first paragraph of 'The Lord of the Rings' within a 1M token budget (~$10). Karpathy highlighted the model's stamina for hyper-custom content creation, but noted that LLMs still struggle to audit their work due to limited native video and gameplay perception, leading to janky results. He called for funding a benchmark to render the entire trilogy this way.

read2 min views2 publishedAug 2, 2026
Karpathy's Pelican
Image: source

We're starting to leave the territory where you'd test an LLM by e.g. "create an svg of pelican on a bicycle". As one idea to generalize it, I was interested what Opus 5 would do if I gave it the first paragraph of the Lord of the Rings, a 1M token budget (~$10) and asked for three js render of it. Opus went off for ~2 hours and wrote 5500 lines of code that (procedurally) rendered the story. It's kind of janky but fun. But it's a bit mindboggling that the LLM has to place and orchestrate various polygon assets in (x,y,z) coordinates and write code that animates it all, and that it even does anything at all. I also like this kind of examples because no one in their right mind would ever spend the time to write something this custom but LLMs have all the stamina and patience in the world, so it's an example where we go from "no one would ever do this" to "sure, why not, it's ~free". There might be a lot more. But I'm excited about creating hyper custom worlds that you can imagine dropping players into, e.g. here to participate in the LoTR story as a spectator NPC, or one of the characters, or etc. Something like an ephemeral GTA of X on demand. Last thought is that the domain of worlds/games exposes a weakness in LLMs: they can't easily audit their work because they aren't able to efficiently and natively perceive videos or play games within them. Here, Opus 5 had to very slowly and painstakingly take screenshots at different points, and it messed up a few times and created a bunch of jank. An example of raw capability (multimodal, gameplay) that I think is still quite lacking.

  • someone please fund doing the entire trilogy like this as a benchmark.
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