Is this the civilization we really want? (2017) Bret Victor, a researcher and designer, responded to a draft of 'Using Artificial Intelligence to Augment Human Intelligence' by Michael Nielsen and Shan Carter, questioning whether the civilization being built is the one we truly want. Victor argues that the focus on augmenting individual intelligence through AI overlooks broader societal and ethical considerations, urging a reexamination of the values embedded in technological progress. November 2017 Is this the civilization we really want? by Bret Victor A response to a draft of Using Artificial Intelligence to Augment Human Intelligence https://distill.pub/2017/aia/ by Michael Nielsen https://michaelnielsen.org and Shan Carter http://shancarter.com . “IA” here refers to human “intelligence augmentation” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence amplification , in contrast to “AI”, or “artificial intelligence” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial intelligence .