I made a Promise-aware debounce and throttle library for TypeScript

Alsoftworks released temporize, a Promise-aware debounce and throttle library for TypeScript with zero runtime dependencies and ESM/CommonJS support. The library provides debounce, throttle, rafThrottle, debounceAsync, batch, retry, idle, and concurrencyLimit utilities, each returning real promises with inferred types. It offers features like cancellation, AbortSignal support, maxWait, and async overlap policies, distinguishing it from lodash's per-method packages.

Small, strongly typed timing and concurrency utilities for modern TypeScript. Every scheduled call returns a real promise for the wrapped function's actual result. There are no runtime dependencies, and the package ships as ESM and CommonJS. npm install @alsoftworks/temporize | Capability | temporize | lodash.debounce / lodash.throttle | |---|---|---| | Inferred arguments and resolved return value | Full generic inference | Types available separately | | Per-call return | Promise<Awaited<R | Last synchronous result or undefined | | Async error propagation | Native promise rejection | Caller manages returned value | | Cancellation | .cancel and AbortSignal | .cancel | | Maximum debounce wait | Yes | Yes | | Promise queue rate limiter | throttlePromise | No | | Async overlap policy | debounceAsync | No | | Animation-frame throttling | Browser API plus Node fallback | No | | Multi-call argument batching | batch | No | | Exponential-backoff retries | retry | No | | Idle-period scheduling | idle with Safari/Node fallback | No | | Concurrent promise limiting | concurrencyLimit with FIFO queue | No | | Runtime dependencies | Zero | Zero for per-method packages | | Modules | ESM and CommonJS | CommonJS per-method packages | temporize deliberately focuses on controlling when and how often work runs. Debouncing, throttling, batching, retry timing, frame scheduling, and idle scheduling all belong to that family. Object, array, string, and other general utility helpers are intentionally out of scope; that boundary is a design decision, not an omission. js import { debounce } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const search = debounce async query: string = { const response = await fetch /api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent query } ; return response.json as Promise<{ total: number } ; }, 250, { maxWait: 1 000 }, ; const result = await search "type inference" ; console.log result.total ; search.pending ; await search.flush ; search.cancel ; Several calls coalesced into one invocation each receive a separate promise settled with that invocation's result. A leading-only debounce resolves calls suppressed within the window with the leading invocation's result. js import { throttle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const savePosition = throttle x: number, y: number = { x, y, savedAt: Date.now } , 100, { leading: true, trailing: true }, ; const saved = await savePosition 120, 80 ; Regular throttling coalesces excess calls and uses the latest arguments for a trailing invocation. js import { rafThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const updateLayout = rafThrottle width: number = { document.documentElement.style.setProperty "--viewport-width", ${width}px ; } ; window.addEventListener "resize", = updateLayout window.innerWidth ; // Discard a frame that has been requested but has not run. updateLayout.cancel ; In browsers, rafThrottle uses requestAnimationFrame . During SSR and in Node, it falls back to a 16 ms setTimeout , so importing and calling it is safe when animation-frame globals do not exist. js import { debounceAsync } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const loadUser = debounceAsync async id: string, signal: AbortSignal = { const response = await fetch /api/users/${id} , { signal } ; return response.json as Promise<{ id: string; name: string } ; }, 200, { overlap: "cancel-previous" }, ; // The AbortSignal parameter is supplied internally and omitted from this call. const user = await loadUser "user 123" ; The overlap policies are: "queue" default : keep each fired invocation and start it after active work settles. "drop" : do not start the overlapping invocation; its callers adopt the active invocation's promise. "cancel-previous" : abort the active invocation's internally supplied signal and immediately start the new invocation. JavaScript functions that do not declare a signal safely ignore the extra argument. For typed signal injection, declare a required AbortSignal as the wrapped function's final parameter. debounceAsync removes that parameter from the returned function's call signature. Cancellation is cooperative: an async operation must observe the signal to stop its in-flight work. js import { throttlePromise } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const sendRequest = throttlePromise async path: string = fetch path .then response = response.status , 100, ; const requests = sendRequest "/api/one" , sendRequest "/api/two" , sendRequest "/api/three" , ; console.log sendRequest.queued ; console.log await Promise.all requests ; Every call enters a FIFO queue and starts at least one window after the prior start. The queue limits dispatch rate, not concurrency: a slow promise may still be active when the next window begins. js import { batch } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const markNotificationsRead = batch async calls: Array< notificationId: string = { const ids = calls.map notificationId = notificationId ; const response = await fetch "/api/notifications/read", { method: "POST", headers: { "content-type": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify { ids } , } ; if response.ok throw new Error "Could not mark notifications as read" ; return ids.length; }, 50, { maxSize: 100 }, ; const first = markNotificationsRead "notification 1" ; const second = markNotificationsRead "notification 2" ; // Both promises resolve to 2 because both calls shared one batch invocation. console.log await first, await second ; Unlike debounce , batch retains every argument tuple. The wrapped function runs once with the complete array, and every caller in that batch receives the same result or error. js import { retry } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const controller = new AbortController ; const fetchJson = retry async url: string = { const response = await fetch url, { signal: controller.signal } ; if response.ok throw new Error Request failed: ${response.status} ; return response.json as Promise<unknown ; }, { attempts: 4, baseDelay: 250, maxDelay: 2 000, signal: controller.signal, }, ; const data = await fetchJson "/api/flaky-report" ; Retries use exponential backoff and randomized jitter by default. Supply shouldRetry when permanent errors should stop immediately. js import { idle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const recordAnalytics = idle eventName: string, properties: object = { navigator.sendBeacon "/analytics", JSON.stringify { eventName, properties } ; }, { timeout: 2 000 }, ; recordAnalytics "dashboard viewed", { source: "navigation" } ; Rapid calls are coalesced using the latest arguments and deferred until the browser is idle. Safari, Node, and other environments without requestIdleCallback use a 1 ms timer fallback. js import { concurrencyLimit } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; const upload = concurrencyLimit async file: File = { const body = new FormData ; body.append "file", file ; const response = await fetch "/api/uploads", { method: "POST", body } ; if response.ok throw new Error Upload failed: ${file.name} ; return response.json ; }, 3 ; const uploaded = await Promise.all files.map upload ; console.log upload.pending , upload.queued ; At most three uploads start together. Excess calls wait in FIFO order. upload.cancel rejects queued calls, but deliberately lets uploads already in flight finish because the wrapped function may not be cancellable. Later calls can be queued normally; aborting the configured signal also rejects future calls. React and Vue adapters are optional subpath exports. Installing @alsoftworks/temporize does not install either framework, and importing the core package does not load adapter code. Add only the peer your application already uses. npm install @alsoftworks/temporize react Import hooks from @alsoftworks/temporize/react : js import { useEffect, useState } from "react"; import { useDebouncedValue } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/react"; export function Search : JSX.Element { const query, setQuery = useState "" ; const debouncedQuery = useDebouncedValue query, 300 ; useEffect = { if debouncedQuery return; void fetch /api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent debouncedQuery } ; }, debouncedQuery ; return <input value={query} onChange={ event = setQuery event.target.value } placeholder="Search" / ; } Use useThrottle for high-frequency browser events. The hook keeps a stable function identity, invokes the latest callback closure, and cancels pending trailing work when the component unmounts. js import { useEffect, useState } from "react"; import { TemporizeAbortError } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; import { useThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/react"; export function ScrollPosition : JSX.Element { const position, setPosition = useState 0 ; const updatePosition = useThrottle next: number = { setPosition next ; }, 100 ; useEffect = { const handleScroll = = { void updatePosition window.scrollY .catch error: unknown = { if error instanceof TemporizeAbortError throw error; } ; }; window.addEventListener "scroll", handleScroll, { passive: true } ; return = window.removeEventListener "scroll", handleScroll ; }, updatePosition ; return <output {position}</output ; } The React entry point exports useDebounce , useThrottle , useDebouncedValue , and useRafThrottle . Every function wrapper exposes the same cancel , flush , and pending methods as its core equivalent; useRafThrottle exposes cancel . npm install @alsoftworks/temporize vue Import composables from @alsoftworks/temporize/vue . useDebouncedRef accepts a raw value, ref, computed ref, or getter and returns a normal writable ref. js <script setup lang="ts" import { ref, watch } from "vue"; import { useDebouncedRef } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/vue"; const query = ref "" ; const debouncedQuery = useDebouncedRef query, 300 ; watch debouncedQuery, value = { if value return; void fetch /api/search?q=${encodeURIComponent value } ; } ; </script <template <input v-model="query" placeholder="Search" / </template Use the Vue throttle composable for scroll handling. Pending work is cancelled through Vue's onUnmounted lifecycle automatically. js <script setup lang="ts" import { onMounted, onUnmounted, ref } from "vue"; import { TemporizeAbortError } from "@alsoftworks/temporize"; import { useThrottle } from "@alsoftworks/temporize/vue"; const position = ref 0 ; const updatePosition = useThrottle next: number = { position.value = next; }, 100 ; const handleScroll = = { void updatePosition window.scrollY .catch error: unknown = { if error instanceof TemporizeAbortError throw error; } ; }; onMounted = window.addEventListener "scroll", handleScroll, { passive: true } ; onUnmounted = window.removeEventListener "scroll", handleScroll ; </script <template <output {{ position }}</output </template The Vue entry point exports useDebounce , useThrottle , useDebouncedRef , and useRafThrottle . React and Vue are optional peer dependencies, so the core library retains zero framework and runtime dependencies. Returns ...args = Promise<Awaited<R with: cancel : void clears the timer and rejects calls waiting to run with a TemporizeAbortError . It does not stop work already invoked. flush : Promise<Awaited<R | undefined immediately runs pending trailing work and returns the shared result promise. It returns the most recent result when no work is pending, or undefined before any invocation exists. pending : boolean reports whether trailing work is waiting to run. DebounceOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| leading | false | Invoke at the beginning of the quiet window. | trailing | true | Invoke with the latest arguments at its end. | maxWait | none | Force an invocation during a continuous call stream. Values below wait are clamped to wait . | signal | none | Cancel pending work on abort and reject calls made after abort. | Negative and non-finitely falsy waits are treated as zero. A zero-wait trailing call still runs in a later timer task. Returns the same promise function and lifecycle methods as debounce . ThrottleOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| leading | true | Invoke at the beginning of the first window. | trailing | true | Invoke at the end with the latest suppressed call. | signal | none | Cancel pending work on abort and reject calls made after abort. | Returns a void function with cancel : void . Repeated calls before a frame are coalesced and the latest arguments and this value are used. Returns the same lifecycle shape as debounce . DebounceAsyncOptions includes all DebounceOptions plus: | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| overlap | "queue" | Use "queue" , "drop" , or "cancel-previous" when a firing overlaps active work. | Calling .cancel rejects scheduled debounce work and overlap jobs that are queued but not started. It does not implicitly abort active work; the "cancel-previous" policy aborts active work when its replacement starts. Returns ...args = Promise<Awaited<R with: cancel : void rejects every queued call and clears the drain timer. flush : Promise<Awaited<R | undefined immediately starts the next item. pending : boolean reports a queued item or scheduled drain. queued : number returns the number of calls not yet started. ThrottlePromiseOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| leading | true | Start the first queued call immediately; when false, wait one window. | signal | none | Cancel queued work on abort and reject calls made after abort. | Returns ...args = Promise<R with: cancel : void rejects all calls still queued in the current batch. flush : Promise<R | undefined immediately invokes queued work and returns the shared result promise. pending : boolean reports whether the current batch contains calls. size : number returns the number of queued argument tuples. BatchOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| maxSize | unlimited | Fire immediately when the queue reaches this size. Values below 1 become 1 . | signal | none | Cancel queued work on abort and reject calls made after abort. | The wrapped function receives Args , preserving every call's complete argument tuple. It runs only once per batch, so all callers in that batch settle with the same result or error. Returns an async function with the same inferred arguments and resolved result. The first successful attempt resolves the call. Exhaustion rejects with a TemporizeTimeoutError whose attempts and cause expose the attempt count and last failure. Aborting rejects immediately with TemporizeAbortError . RetryOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| attempts | 3 | Maximum total invocations, including the first. | baseDelay | 200 | Delay in milliseconds after the first failure. | maxDelay | 5000 | Maximum delay between attempts. | factor | 2 | Exponential multiplier for each subsequent delay. | jitter | true | Randomize each delay between zero and its calculated value. | shouldRetry | retry every error | Decide whether a failure and its one-based attempt number are retryable. | signal | none | Abort an active wait and prevent future attempts. | Returns a void function with cancel : void . Calls before the idle callback runs are coalesced using the latest arguments and this value. IdleOptions : | Option | Default | Meaning | |---|---|---| timeout | browser default | Native requestIdleCallback timeout in milliseconds. | When idle callbacks are unavailable, scheduling falls back to setTimeout fn, 1 . Returns ...args = Promise<R with: cancel : void rejects queued calls without interrupting work already in flight; later calls remain usable. pending : number returns the number of running calls. queued : number returns the number of calls waiting for a slot. Calls start in FIFO order as slots become available. max must be a positive integer and invalid values throw a synchronous TypeError . Passing { signal } applies the same queued-only cancellation rule and preserves the signal's abort reason on TemporizeAbortError.reason . TemporizeAbortError identifies cancellation by .cancel or an AbortSignal . Its reason and cause preserve a supplied signal reason. TemporizeTimeoutError identifies exhausted retries and exposes attempts plus the last underlying error through cause . npm run build emits minified ESM, CommonJS, and declarations in dist/ . The implementation is tree-shakeable sideEffects: false and has no runtime dependencies. The core exports are designed to remain below 1 kB each after minification and gzip when consumed individually. Current tree-shaken ESM measurements with esbuild are: debounce 721 B, throttle 759 B, rafThrottle 236 B, throttlePromise 559 B, debounceAsync 997 B, batch 512 B, retry 662 B, idle 241 B, and concurrencyLimit 526 B. debounceAsync is closest to the budget because its concurrency state machine and internal AbortController must cover all three overlap policies. Use a bundle analyzer in the final application because shared helpers, module format wrappers, and bundler chunking affect attributed per-export sizes. The optional adapters are measured as independent, minified ESM bundles with their framework peer externalized. The React entry is 1,169 B gzipped and the Vue entry is 1,089 B gzipped. Both include the core scheduling code they use and remain below the separate 1.5 kB adapter budget. npm test npm run typecheck npm run lint npm run build npm run size npm run bench Use npm run build:core or npm run test:core when working only on the framework-free entry point. npm publish runs the complete tests, strict type check, and all three builds automatically through prepublishOnly . React, Vue, jsdom, and their testing utilities are repository-only development dependencies. npm does not support installing only a named subset of one package's devDependencies , so contributors running a normal npm install receive the adapter test stack. Package consumers do not: React and Vue are optional peers, stay external in adapter builds, and never enter the core bundle. See CONTRIBUTING.md /nyvexis1/temporize/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md for contribution requirements and CHANGELOG.md /nyvexis1/temporize/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md for release history. The tinybench benchmark measures raw wrapper dispatch overhead against the standalone lodash.debounce and lodash.throttle packages. It intentionally does not claim behavioral equivalence: temporize allocates a real promise for every call, which is part of its contract and part of the measured cost. MIT. See LICENSE /nyvexis1/temporize/blob/main/LICENSE . Third-party development and benchmark references are documented in THIRD PARTY NOTICES.md /nyvexis1/temporize/blob/main/THIRD PARTY NOTICES.md ; they are not included in Temporize's runtime bundles.