Of your four options, handoffs are where most things break, and orchestration matters mainly as the thing that enforces them. The failure taxonomy from the MAST study (150+ tasks across popular multi-agent frameworks) found that about 79% of failures come from bad task specification and broken coordination, not model quality. Inter-agent misalignment alone is about 37%, mostly context lost at handoffs. What helps in practice:
Shared context matters, but a shared pile of text tends to cause context collapse, so pass summaries and artifacts rather than full histories.
Also, this is the same product as in your other recent threads here, so it would help to state upfront that you’re promoting it. People will give you more honest comparisons that way.