{"slug": "how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step", "title": "How Consistent Are LLM Agents? Measuring Behavioral Reproducibility in Multi-Step Tool-Calling Pipelines", "summary": "A new study from researchers has systematically measured behavioral consistency in multi-step tool-calling LLM agents, finding that the same agent often fails to select the same tools, in the same order, or with the same arguments across repeated identical invocations. The work examines structured tool-calling interfaces with typed parameters and consequential side effects, moving beyond prior research focused on search-only, free-text action agents. These findings raise fundamental reliability concerns for production systems increasingly deploying LLM agents with tool-calling capabilities.", "body_md": "# Computer Science > Computation and Language\n\n[Submitted on 23 Apr 2026]\n\n# Title:How Consistent Are LLM Agents? Measuring Behavioral Reproducibility in Multi-Step Tool-Calling Pipelines\n\n[View PDF](/pdf/2605.28840)\n\n[HTML (experimental)](https://arxiv.org/html/2605.28840v1)\n\nAbstract:Large language model (LLM) agents with tool-calling capabilities are increasingly deployed in production systems, yet a fundamental reliability question remains under-explored: does the same agent behave the same way twice? We present a systematic empirical study of behavioral consistency in multi-step tool-calling agents, measuring whether agents select the same tools, in the same order, with the same arguments, across repeated identical invocations. Unlike prior work on consistency in ReAct-style agents(search-only, free-text actions), we study the richer setting of structured tool-calling interfaces with typed parameters and consequential side effects.\n\n### Current browse context:\n\ncs.CL\n\n### References & Citations\n\nLoading...\n\n# Bibliographic and Citation Tools\n\nBibliographic Explorer\n\n*(*[What is the Explorer?](https://info.arxiv.org/labs/showcase.html#arxiv-bibliographic-explorer))\nConnected Papers\n\n*(*[What is Connected Papers?](https://www.connectedpapers.com/about))\nLitmaps\n\n*(*[What is Litmaps?](https://www.litmaps.co/))\nscite Smart Citations\n\n*(*[What are Smart Citations?](https://www.scite.ai/))# Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article\n\nalphaXiv\n\n*(*[What is alphaXiv?](https://alphaxiv.org/))\nCatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers\n\n*(*[What is CatalyzeX?](https://www.catalyzex.com))\nDagsHub\n\n*(*[What is DagsHub?](https://dagshub.com/))\nGotit.pub\n\n*(*[What is GotitPub?](http://gotit.pub/faq))\nHugging Face\n\n*(*[What is Huggingface?](https://huggingface.co/huggingface))\nScienceCast\n\n*(*[What is ScienceCast?](https://sciencecast.org/welcome))# Demos\n\n# Recommenders and Search Tools\n\nInfluence Flower\n\n*(*[What are Influence Flowers?](https://influencemap.cmlab.dev/))\nCORE Recommender\n\n*(*[What is CORE?](https://core.ac.uk/services/recommender))# arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators\n\narXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.\n\nBoth individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.\n\nHave an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? [ Learn more about arXivLabs](https://info.arxiv.org/labs/index.html).", "url": "https://wpnews.pro/news/how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step", "canonical_source": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28840", "published_at": "2026-05-29 04:00:00+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:25:27.689807+00:00", "lang": "en", "topics": ["large-language-models", "ai-agents", "ai-research", "ai-safety", "natural-language-processing"], "entities": [], "alternates": {"html": "https://wpnews.pro/news/how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step", "markdown": "https://wpnews.pro/news/how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step.md", "text": "https://wpnews.pro/news/how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step.txt", "jsonld": "https://wpnews.pro/news/how-consistent-are-llm-agents-measuring-behavioral-reproducibility-in-multi-step.jsonld"}}