Global AI Regulations for FAIR and Ethics in High-Risk Use Cases: A Comparative Review

A new comparative review of AI regulations in the EU, US, and China finds that cross-jurisdictional divergence creates compliance uncertainty for high-risk AI operators, identifying three recurring gaps: weak interoperability mandates, difficult operationalisation of cross-regime obligations, and under-specified governance for critical digital infrastructure. The study, released on arXiv (2608.14562v1), proposes 'Knowledge Blocks,' a machine-checkable compliance artefact pattern based on RDF/OWL, SHACL, and PROV-O, to enable audit-ready compliance-by-design across multiple regimes.

arXiv:2608.14562v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI governance is shifting from voluntary ethics to enforceable, risk-based regulation, yet cross-jurisdictional divergence creates compliance uncertainty for operators of high-stakes AI. We present a comparative matrix for the EU, US, and China that maps i risk classification triggers, ii binding obligations, iii enforcement and accountability mechanisms, and iv the degree to which FAIR principles are operationalised in practice. We stress-test the matrix on three high-impact domains: Electroencephalography EEG -guided rehabilitation robotics, AI-enabled debt collection in prospective Central Bank Digital Currency CBDC ecosystems, and AI-driven allocation of scarce Graphics Processing Unit GPU resources in emerging AI Factory infrastructures. Using primary legal texts and implementation evidence, we identify three recurring gaps: weak interoperability mandates, difficult operationalisation of cross-regime obligations AI + sector regulation + data protection , and under-specified governance for critical digital infrastructure use cases. To bridge the implementation gap, we outline Knowledge Blocks, a machine-checkable compliance artefact pattern based on Resource Description Framework/Web Ontology Language RDF/OWL , Shapes Constraint Language SHACL , and Provenance Ontology PROV-O , enabling audit-ready compliance-by-design across multiple regimes.