Giving Agents Computers — Ivan Burazin, Daytona
Daytona CEO Ivan Burazin announced the company's pivot from human development environments to AI sandboxes, positioning its infrastructure as the "end of localhost" for AI agents. The company now provides composable, stateful computers that agents access via API, with one customer running nearly 850,000 sandboxes daily and reinforcement learning workloads surging from zero to roughly 50% of usage in months. Daytona's bare-metal architecture spins up a sandbox in about 60 milliseconds and 50,000 sandboxes in roughly 75 seconds, as the AI industry shifts from disposable code execution boxes to persistent, scalable agent computers.
*Take the 2026 AI Engineering Survey and get >$2k in credits and AIE WF tickets!* On the product side, everyone is getting Computer - [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/computer), [Manus](https://manus.im/blog/manus-cloud-computer), [Cursor](https://www.latent.space/p/cursor-third-era), and so on. Meanwhile on the research side, agentic evals like TerminalBench and GDPVal are also assuming computer ([Harbor](https://x.com/swyx/status/2027213347570188635)). On both ends, the consolidating [LLM OS stack ](https://news.smol.ai/frozen-issues/25-05-27-mistral-agents.html)has become a standard toolkit, and Daytona is one of a small set of AI Infra companies that are booming because of it. * “The end of localhost”* has been Ivan Burazin’s obsession for more than a decade. Something that is all too familiar… Long before agents became the default way people talked about software development, Ivan was already chasing the idea that **development should not depend on a fragile local machine**. * CodeAnywhere*, one of the first browser-based IDEs, was an early attempt at that future: move the development environment into the cloud, make setup reproducible, and free developers from the endless “works on my machine” tax. The thesis was directionally right, but the market wasn’t ready yet. However, agents changed that. **They do not care about a laptop, desk setup, or favorite editor.** They need a computer they can access through an API: something stateful enough to keep working, fast enough to spin up instantly, flexible enough to resize, isolated enough to be safe, and composable enough to run the messy real-world workflows that real software engineering actually requires. Daytona isn’t just selling *“sandboxes”* in the narrow code-execution sense. It is **the latest version of Ivan’s original localhost thesis**. In this episode, Daytona’s CEO joins swyx to explain **why AI agents need more than code execution boxes**: they need composable computers, stateful sandboxes, instant startup, dynamic resources, and infrastructure that can survive workloads going from **zero to 100,000 CPUs.** We go deep on the **new agent compute market**: Daytona’s hard pivot from human dev environments to AI sandboxes, **the New Year’s Eve MVP** that customers begged for, why Daytona runs on bare metal with its own scheduler, **how one customer runs almost 850,000 sandboxes a day**, and why RL/eval workloads went from 0% to roughly 50% of usage in just months. Ivan also explains **why agents need Windows and macOS machines**, why CLI may matter more than MCP, why Kubernetes is painful for this workload, and why the future AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS. **We discuss:** How Daytona **grew out of CodeAnywhere**, Shift, and the “end of localhost” thesis** Why Daytona pivoted**from human dev environments to AI sandboxesWhy agents **need composable computers** instead of**disposable code execution boxes****The New Year’s Eve MVP** that customers chased API keys forWhy Daytona chose **bare metal, stateful snapshots, and its own scheduler** How Daytona spins up one sandbox in **~60ms and 50,000 sandboxes in ~75 seconds** Why Daytona’s biggest customer runs **~850,000 sandboxes a day** How RL/eval workloads create **zero-to-100,000 CPU spikes** Why RL workloads went from **0% to roughly 50%** of Daytona usageWhy customers compare Daytona against **EKS/GKS** and say they’re**“never going back”****Why every AI agent may need a computer**, including Windows and macOS environmentsThe Apple licensing constraints that make macOS sandboxes hard Why **CLI** gives agents more power than**MCP** How **open source** helps agents integrate DaytonaWhy agent-generated PRs may **break today’s CI/CD assumptions** Why AI SaaS companies **reselling tokens** may face a cold showerWhy the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS **Ivan Burazin** **Daytona** **Website:**[https://www.daytona.io](https://www.daytona.io) ## Timestamps 00:00:00 Hook 00:01:12 Introduction 00:03:15 CodeAnywhere, Shift, and the end of localhost 00:05:58 What Daytona is: composable computers for AI agents 00:08:07 The pivot from dev environments to AI sandboxes 00:10:17 The New Year’s Eve MVP and customers begging for API keys 00:12:56 Bare metal, stateful sandboxes, and Daytona’s scheduler 00:17:28 60ms startup, 50,000 sandboxes, and 850K daily runs 00:21:53 Spiky RL/eval workloads and the new agent infra problem 00:28:12 RL workloads, Kubernetes pain, and dynamic resizing 00:33:31 Why every AI agent needs a computer 00:38:48 macOS sandboxes and Apple’s licensing problem 00:44:28 Why CLI may matter more than MCP 00:48:11 Open source, GitHub stars, and agent integration 00:53:11 Git, CI/CD, and agent collaboration bottlenecks 00:58:15 Founder life and building a 25-person infra company 01:02:44 AI SaaS, token resale, and API-first business models 01:06:10 GPU sandboxes, data centers, and compute growth 01:09:48 Why the AI cloud may look more like Stripe than AWS 01:11:26 Closing thoughts # Transcript ## Introduction: Daytona, CodeAnywhere, and the End of Localhost **Swyx [00:00:02]:** Okay, we’re in the studio with Ivan Burazin, CEO of Daytona. Welcome. **Ivan [00:00:07]:** Thanks for having me, man. **Swyx [00:00:08]:** Ivan, you and I go back. **Ivan [00:00:10]:** Way back. **Swyx [00:00:11]:** How I don’t even know how, you found, did you reach out or, for Shift. **Ivan [00:00:17]:** I reached out to you. The reason was you - we were just - we were thinking about I was one of the co-founders of CodeAnywhere, the first browser-based IDE, and so we were thinking a long time of, localhost should die. And you had this article. **Swyx [00:00:29]:** End of localhost. **Ivan [00:00:30]:** Then I reached out to you because of that, and then we talked, and I was actually at a different job and learning about I was the head of, developer experience, and you were quite well-versed in that, and I actually reached out to you, among other people, how do we go about that? What are the key things and whatnot at this point in time? And you were nice enough to take the call, and I remember I was late on your call with you. **Swyx [00:00:51]:** I don’t remember. **Ivan [00:00:52]:** I remember because I was with my then I’m thinking of a girlfriend or wife at that point in time, I’m not sure. It’s the same person, so that’s great, and I was late ‘cause we were, in, Italy on, vacation, and then I was late for something. I felt so bad, and you were so nice to be, good about. **Swyx [00:01:10]:** The reason I’m nice is because I’m also late to other people, so it’s like, who’s, who’s without sin here, yeah, so I have to, for those who don’t know, InfoBip Shift, there’s this whole thing that, you did in the past, and, and that was basically one of the inspirations for me starting AI Engineer, which is like, I have to thank you for giving me that push to be like, “Oh, you can, you can build and sell conferences?” **Ivan [00:01:34]:** I remember you asked you asked me at the beginning to give me advisory shares, and I was so focused on what we were doing, I said no, and I should’ve took the advisory shares. So I’m sorry, dude. But anyway. **Swyx [00:01:43]:** We’re not, we’re not venture backed. **Ivan [00:01:44]:** No, it doesn’t matter. **Swyx [00:01:45]:** It’s Yeah, anyway, so I think what’s impressive about you is that CodeAnywhere is the thing that you’ve been trying to build, and, you kind of put it on hold and then came back after InfoBip. Just give us the story, do you - the story and the origin story, going into Daytona. ## From CodeAnywhere and Shift to Daytona **Ivan [00:02:05]:** Sure. Like, really way back, me and my co-founder have been together. I say this, I’ve said this multiple times, it’s like we were married and divorced and married. Some people actually ask me is my co-founder my partner. they thought it literally. It’s not literally, but we have done multiple companies together, and to your point, we had this shift where we went from the CodeAnywhere to the conference called Shift, and then back to, Daytona. We originally started stacking servers, doing like virtualization in the early 2000s and, routers and doing basically all these things, at a foundational level, and that was a services company which we sold to focus on what my co-founder actually invented, which was the very first browser-based IDE, right, I say the first. Before us was actually Heroku. They did it for a very short time until they became Heroku. But outside of them, we were the only one, and it was called. **Swyx [00:02:55]:** There was Cloud9. **Ivan [00:02:57]:** Cloud9 came out slightly after us. There was Replit, which came out when we stopped doing it, Replit came out, and they have been successful since then, which is great. There was Nitrous.io. There was quite a few that existed at the time, but it was like too early. But the interesting part is that we, at that point in time, because there was no VS Code, there was no Kubernetes, and Docker had just started when we Or I’m not sure if it was even public at that point in time. And so we had to build everything to the whole stack ourselves and that was the key learning that we brought into and that we’ve been using in Daytona today. So it was super early. There’s about 3 million people used CodeAnywhere. It was slightly, it was angel-backed more than venture-backed. We ended up paying everyone back because it didn’t have that sort of scale. But, three years ago, we started something similar with Daytona, which is not what we are today, but it was automating dev environments for human engineers, the basically the underlying stack of CodeAnywhere. And then we did a hard pivot last January to sandboxes. And so here we are. **Swyx [00:04:01]:** Historic pivot, yeah, and, it’s one of those things where, I had independently invested in CodeAnywhere, but also in E2B, and then both of you pivoted into the same thing, and I’m like, “Fuck.” **Ivan [00:04:12]:** You invested, you invested in Daytona. You invested in Daytona. But you were the first If we had not got your check, we wouldn’t have done it. **Swyx [00:04:18]:** No way. **Ivan [00:04:19]:** No, it was like, “We have to get him on board first,” and you were that kicker that we, that got us off the ground. **Swyx [00:04:23]:** No, because you were putting me on your pitch deck, man. I was like, “Man, this is like a good trip if I don’t invest.” **Ivan [00:04:29]:** That’s because it was your quote. It’s like we. **Swyx [00:04:30]:** Yeah. It’s the end of localhost. **Ivan [00:04:31]:** Did a bunch of research about end of localhost and who was interested in that,. **Swyx [00:04:34]:** No, that’s like, I put, I wrote that blog post, and every single company in that field reached out to me, and then every VC who was receiving those pitches then also had to call me and, talk it, talk through it with me. **Ivan [00:04:47]:** It’s finally happening though. **Swyx [00:04:48]:** It was really super interesting. **Ivan [00:04:48]:** It’s finally happening. **Swyx [00:04:49]:** It’s finally happening. **Ivan [00:04:49]:** Yeah, it’s finally. **Swyx [00:04:49]:** It’s finally happening, with maybe sort of non-human users. Yeah, so what is Daytona today? Let’s get like a quick description. I’m wearing the shirt. ## What Daytona Is Today: Composable Computers for AI Agents **Ivan [00:04:58]:** You’re wearing the shirt. Yes,. **Swyx [00:04:59]:** It says, I think your branding is very good. Like, it’s very consistent. It runs AI code. Like, it cannot be simpler. **Ivan [00:05:05]:** Exactly, but we’re gonna probably have to change that. **Swyx [00:05:07]:** Oh, shit. **Ivan [00:05:07]:** It’s also a subset of what we do. Unfortunately, we really love this, Run AI Code is super simple. People interpret it different ways. I think we’ve given out 5,000, 6,000 of these shirts. People wear them with pride because it doesn’t really market about us. **Swyx [00:05:21]:** Yeah, Daytona’s on the back. **Ivan [00:05:22]:** It markets the back. It markets to the person itself, so I think we did a really good job on that one. But it is also a subset of what we do, because people, when they think about Run AI Code, they just think about these small, let’s call it isolates, code execution boxes that, you send some code, you get an output. Whereas what Daytona is today is essentially composable computers for AI agents. It is, the market calls them sandboxes which can be misleading. **Swyx [00:05:44]:** All these things. All these things on. **Ivan [00:05:45]:** Yeah, exactly, ‘cause it can be misleading ‘cause people usually think about sandboxes as a demo or a test environment versus a production-grade environment. But what Daytona does, if you think of the laptop that you have in front of you or the computer that’s over there, or, my wife is an architect, so she has like a Windows with a 3D graphics card inside to do 3D rendering. Like, as humans, we have different computers or different compositions of computers. And our belief is strongly that agents today and going forward will need all these different compositions of computers to do different types of tasks. And so we offer that basically through an API. **Swyx [00:06:19]:** Yeah, to give people - I’m trying to sort of front-load all the aha moments or the wow moments so that people can, stay engaged and click like and subscribe. the market is exploding, right? Like, you have been reporting 74% month-on-month growth, and it also, it’s just been growing for a while. Like, it’s been going like this. And every single - It’s not just you guys. It’s every single. **Ivan [00:06:41]:** Everyone, yeah. **Swyx [00:06:42]:** Sort of, compute provider. I don’t know if you agree with me saying compute provider or not. **Ivan [00:06:48]:** It’s fine. **Swyx [00:06:48]:** Yeah. So like organically PLG-driven growth, but also enterprise is doing super well, I think I wanna rewind to January of last year when you did the pivot. Like, so you obviously called this market early, and you were positioned for it, and you are now one of the market leaders. But what was the insight that made you do the pivot? ## The Pivot: From Human Dev Environments to Agent Sandboxes **Ivan [00:07:06]:** The insight that made us do this pivot is the quarter before that, so end of 2024, when we had - Basically, we did a demo with - I don’t I think we discussed this as well, Devin was not public. You actually gave me access to Devin at that time. So Devin. **Swyx [00:07:25]:** I did? **Ivan [00:07:26]:** Yeah, you gave me access. **Swyx [00:07:26]:** I don’t think I was supposed. **Ivan [00:07:27]:** Yeah, exactly. **Swyx [00:07:28]:** Yeah, I. **Ivan [00:07:28]:** So it doesn’t matter. You. **Swyx [00:07:29]:** Yeah. I gave like three friends access. **Ivan [00:07:31]:** Yeah, or it was a call and you showed it to me. It doesn’t matter. but OpenDevin was available, which is now called OpenHands. And so we’re like, “Oh, this seems to be a thing. This is not public. Let’s take our for human automation of dev environments and take, OpenDevin and launch that as a SaaS.” And we did that. Not very many people signed up and used it, but a lot of people reached out that were building agents, and they were like, “Hey, my agent needs a compute sandbox runtime,” whatever you wanna call it. I forgot what it was called at that point. And then we were like, “Oh, amazing. This is a new market. Here is our infrastructure. Here’s our product, and go.” And what we found really fast, soon, was that people did not like what we had built. It didn’t work. And I remember talking to people at the beginning when we’re doing this, the sandbox we’re building for agents. People were like, “Oh, why is it different? It’s the same thing. We have like EC2, we have VMs, we have all these things.” But we saw that everyone we gave it to, it was like 20, 30 people, they all said, “No.” Like, “This is not what we need. This sort of breaks.” And basically, me and my co-founder not knowing a lot about - ‘cause we’re infra people. We’re not AI people. So I basically took it upon myself to like watch every single podcast that exists, including all of, all of these and all that, and sort of get up to date, read all the blogs, like get, understand what’s going on. **Swyx [00:08:45]:** Do you wanna shout out who else was useful, just in case people are also looking. **Ivan [00:08:49]:** Generally we -, I looked at There’s a few of podcast, different segments and different types. So there’s you guys, No Priors, Bill Gurley’s was great while. **Swyx [00:09:04]:** VG2, yeah. **Ivan [00:09:05]:** Yeah, while it was around. So there’s a few. 20VC is interesting from a different dynamic, and some are different dynamic. But there was, also Red Points. **Swyx [00:09:14]:** We’re not really about the compute market. **Ivan [00:09:15]:** It was also already - Sorry? **Swyx [00:09:16]:** You’re, you want - You’re looking at the agent infra market. **Ivan [00:09:19]:** I was looking at the agent market and the AI market in general and sort of understanding who are the players, what the perception, and how that goes. And like obviously you complement this with like going to conferences, going to events, going to meetups, reading white papers, like doing all the things that you have to do to understand what’s happening. And so when we figured, when we sort of had an idea of what we had to build, literally over the New Year’s Eve, literally on New Year’s Eve, I half vibe coded the first MVP, first minimal viable product of what Daytona is today. And I went to sleep at like 3:00 AM or something like that. I was doing - I just put my like baby daughter and wife to sleep and, Happy New Year’s, and go back to just, doing this. And I sent it to my co-founder, my CTO, and he saw it in the morning. He’s like, “This is absolute garbage.” “Do not show this to anybody at all, but the idea is good.” And so he took two weeks, and he rebuilt it. **Swyx [00:10:09]:** Did it like look like that? Listen, I - It was rough idea. **Ivan [00:10:12]:** Oh, not even, not even close. Like it was it was way worse. But it was like a very - It was a simplistic view of what it should be. Like, it worked, but it was not ideal. And so he went, we went down the whole, which is his job as CTO, to go, and he came back with this version. We then called all the people that had said like, “This is garbage,” a quarter ago. And we set up these calls, and we gave it to - We just demoed it to everyone. And all the calls went long, every single one. They were 15-minute calls, and they all went to like 25, 30 minutes or whatnot. And everyone said, “We need, we want access.” There was no login, just an API key, ‘cause it was just a beta or an alpha. And they said, “Oh, we want access.” And we’re like, “Sure, yeah. Okay, thank you very much.” But after like the next day, if we’d not send it, every single one, like every call that we did, everyone came back, “Where is my API key?” Like everyone wanted it. We’re like, “Shit.” Like this is it. Like I’ve never felt So one, the understanding to your point was like most people thought it was the same infrastructure for humans and agents. We understood a quarter ago it’s not. We just didn’t know what was the right primitive. And then when we came, and we can talk about what that is, and we gave it to these people, I’ve never seen, I’ve never experienced - I’ve done multiple companies in my life. I’ve never experienced this, that people literally call you if you do not give them access. Like they want access right now. And so it’s like, okay, they don’t want this. the thing that they want doesn’t seem to exist, or they have not found it, and they really want what we want. And then when we understood that we’re onto something, and then when you think about the size of the market, like the market for human engineers and enterprise is a very large market, so think GitLab or whatnot. But the market for every single agent that will exist ever in the future is just like, what is that market? How big is that? And we’re like, “We are all in on this.” And so that is where we made sort of the cut between the old product and the new one. ## Bare Metal, Stateful Sandboxes, and the Lambda + EC2 Model **Swyx [00:12:02]:** Yeah. But it wasn’t composable at the time? **Ivan [00:12:05]:** It was very - It was basically just a Linux box that you could change, that you could define number of CPUs, disk, and RAM. Like that is what you could do, but you couldn’t have multiple operating systems, you couldn’t resize it on the fly, you couldn’t add a GPU, you couldn’t do like all the things. It was just the, just the first sort of variation of that, yeah. **Swyx [00:12:22]:** Was it bare metal from the start? **Ivan [00:12:24]:** It was bare metal from the start. And so the interesting thing that we thought about right away, so our. **Swyx [00:12:29]:** Which, give people the background, what is the normal path? **Ivan [00:12:32]:** Yeah, so, basically most providers run this on top of VMs. And also. **Swyx [00:12:37]:** Firecracker. **Ivan [00:12:38]:** Yeah, they run on Firecracker and VM. And so we also fire - We can get - We have multiple isolation layers and we can do that. But the common way to do it is that they, one, that the state of the machine, or the hard disk is not part of the sandbox itself. And the other thing is they’re not meant to last forever. So most of them are preemptible, like they can There’s a time that they can live. And so our thought was when we were going into this is, agents will be like humans in the sense of you don’t want your laptop to be shut down until you’re done with work. Like, and you want to close the lid and open the lid, it’s the same state. So you - Agents would want that, like the pause and come back. They want those two things. But also agents really want speed, right? Can they get it? So when we thought about it’s like we need something insanely fast, how to make it fast, how to make it long-running, and stateful. And so those two things, it’s like combining a Lambda and an EC2, right? Those two things together. And so we didn’t have an idea how others did it, ‘cause we didn’t know too that there was a market around this. It was more like, okay, this is what we need, what they need. And we looked at Kubernetes, it wasn’t wasn’t good enough for that. We looked at Nomad, it didn’t enable that. And so our history in rewriting our own scheduler at CodeAnywhere is basically what my CTO came up with. Like, he’s like, “Oh, the learnings from there,” and he brought it. And the funny thing is, our third co-founder, when he saw it, he’s like, “Dude, what is this? This is like 2008.” Like, we went back in time, and he’s like, “Exactly.” And so the reason why Daytona is like super fast, and you see this on benchmarks, is we essentially, we run on bare metal. We have our own scheduler, we use the underlying, disk, CPU, and RAM of the underlying machine, which means your IOPS are insanely fast because there’s no, there’s no network between an EBS or something like that. But also the snapshot, the point in time, the templates, are also preloaded on the bare metal machines. So when you fire off a sandbox from a template or a snapshot, you’re essentially directed to the bare metal machine where that snapshot is based on that NVMe drive, and then it literally just turns on that machine, and it’s local. There’s no network latency, anything on there. And so that is sort of the specificities that we, when we’re thinking from first principles, what a computer would look like for an agent, that is what we came up with, and that’s what we created. ## Benchmarks, 60ms Startup, and 50,000 Sandboxes **Swyx [00:15:02]:** Yeah. I should maybe, I don’t know if you endorse this, but there’s someone that does compute SDK, you guys do very well on there, with like the TTI, right? I. is this a, is this a is this a relevant benchmark for you guys? I don’t know. **Ivan [00:15:16]:** I don’t know, and it changes every day. So today RKL is. **Swyx [00:15:18]:** I don’t know what RKL is. Never heard of it. **Ivan [00:15:20]:** Yeah. RK, yeah, so it is there. **Swyx [00:15:22]:** You are, at least a third of the next tier of performance, and then, there’s a lot of other better-known names that are very slow to start. **Ivan [00:15:31]:** Yeah. We’ve been the number one by far for a long time, and now there’s different, there’s different definitions also of sandboxes, different isolation patterns, different other things. So RKL runs it literally on the S3, the data, so it’s very different, and they spin up a sandbox, spin up a container for that, so it’s a different type of thing. So the definition of a sandbox is something that we can all, we all need to get along with. But yeah, we’re insanely fast on getting these things, up and running. And so you can see even there that it’s a zero point 0.10 to 0.11, so. **Swyx [00:16:03]:** Close enough. Yeah. what else do you need, right? **Ivan [00:16:05]:** Yeah. So the benchmarks itself, so, in this, in I don’t think the benchmarks equate to market ownership or revenue or anything like that. and I’ve seen this with multiple benchmarks, not just in sandboxes, but in general benchmarks around. **Swyx [00:16:20]:** It’s table stakes. It’s just like. **Ivan [00:16:21]:** Exactly. But it doesn’t hurt. **Swyx [00:16:22]:** Just roughly check. **Ivan [00:16:22]:** Like you definitely have to be up there and you have to be competing so that people know that, oh, this is definitely one of the top. Because this is only one dimension of what customers look for. There’s other things like how many can you spin up consecutively? There’s a feature set, there’s support, there’s like all different things that people look at, but you definitely have to be there, on the benchmarks. **Swyx [00:16:40]:** How many people do people spin up consecutively? **Ivan [00:16:43]:** So we have. **Swyx [00:16:43]:** Or concurrently, is the Concurrency, right? **Ivan [00:16:45]:** There’s three metrics that we look at. And so one is like time to spin up one, and so our time to spin up one is 60 milliseconds with network latency. So request, spin up, reply, 60, the whole thing, 60 milliseconds. That is one. But if you wanna spin up 50,000 at once, we are now at about 75 seconds. So it takes about 75 seconds to spin up concurrently 50,000. Some others, there’s public data around this, like take 2,000 seconds, which is 30 minutes. Like there’s different variations of that. And then there is the so it is speed of one, speed of like multiple, and then how many can you consistently have up and running. And so we basically have right now no limit to how much we can add because we basically own our own metal. But the biggest customer of ours does like about 850,000 every single day is sort of where they’re, where they’re just shy of a million every single day that they’re running, we do have a request for half a million concurrent, which is literally half a million CPUs somewhere running. So that’s an interesting. **Swyx [00:17:44]:** They pay by like vCPU seconds. **Ivan [00:17:47]:** By seconds, yeah. **Swyx [00:17:47]:** Or whatever. Yeah. Okay, and so and then, and the other thing is, the sleeping and the resuming, ‘cause it’s all the stateful resumption of all these things, how, what kind of workload are people putting through this, right? Like how is it Do we measure by gigabytes in memory, gigabytes in storage? I don’t In like network attached storage. I, what are the costly ones of, out of all these features? ## Workload Economics: CPU, RAM, Network, and Storage **Ivan [00:18:15]:** The most expensive thing are CPU. **Swyx [00:18:18]:** Okay. Yeah, of course. **Ivan [00:18:18]:** The second one, yeah Then it’s RAM, then it’s disk. We actually don’t charge. **Swyx [00:18:22]:** Which is snapshotting, right? **Ivan [00:18:23]:** No, it’s actually the, snapshotting’s part of it, but basically the size of your hard disk, of your machine. So do you have 10 gigabytes, do you have 20, do you have 50, do you have whatever? And then the transference of that. Right now, currently we don’t charge for, network at all at Polychron. **Swyx [00:18:37]:** Oh, you gotta, yeah, you gotta fix. **Ivan [00:18:38]:** Yeah. It is very much a it’s a larger and larger part of our bill, so we’re working around, that part there. Obviously, that is the least, expensive, so the hard disk is the least expensive, so it’s basically CPU, RAM, for us network, ‘cause we don’t charge the customer, and then hard disk, is how it’s split up. But there’s also different types of workloads, so we basically split it up into two types of workloads in Daytona. One is what we call background agents or long-running agents. and the other is, basically RLs and evals, which I put sort of together. And so they have very different patterns of usage, and if you look at the usage of a background And I’ll just name names of companies, not specifically. ## Background Agents vs. RL/Evals: Two Usage Shapes **Swyx [00:19:21]:** Yeah, open, all hands. **Ivan [00:19:23]:** Yeah. So like a background agent’s a Cognition, a Lovable, a like all these things are Harvey. These are all long-running, background agents. And so if you look at their usage patterns, their usage patterns are similar to human, which is like follow the sun. Basically, the usage patterns of that is like noon is probably the highest, and the midnight is the lowest, and then weekends are lower. weekday is higher. **Swyx [00:19:42]:** Yeah, that’s a fun question. How global is it? Is it very US-centric or? **Ivan [00:19:46]:** The US is a large part, but we have currently, we have Asia, Europe, and the US regions. **Swyx [00:19:52]:** So it’s quite global. **Ivan [00:19:53]:** Yeah, it’s quite global. We have it all over. It’s interesting that our I talked to you a bit about this. Our number one city by user. **Swyx [00:20:01]:** Hmm. **Ivan [00:20:02]:** Is Singapore. **Swyx [00:20:04]:** Oh, wow. Amazing. **Ivan [00:20:05]:** Which is an interesting one, right? Not by revenue, just by just like by individual head count. **Swyx [00:20:09]:** Really? **Ivan [00:20:09]:** Just like an interesting thing. **Swyx [00:20:10]:** Singapore is, Singapore is weirdly high in the adoption charts of AI for the population. It’s like an, seven, eight million population. And it’s like keeps showing up. **Ivan [00:20:20]:** No, it’s quite interesting. We were quite shocked, and I was like, “Oh, this is interesting.” And also one that’s up there. **Swyx [00:20:24]:** There’s a reason I’m doing AI using Singapore. it’s because I’m from there. **Ivan [00:20:27]:** We’re there. We’re gonna, we’re gonna be there as well. and it’s interesting that Japan is in the top or like Tokyo’s in the top, which is in all the tech cycles it has never been. It has never been, so it’s quite interesting that they’re. **Swyx [00:20:39]:** I think the Japanese just love AI. Yeah. It’s that, and then it’s Brazil. That’s it. **Ivan [00:20:44]:** Brazil has always been in. **Swyx [00:20:45]:** I think. **Ivan [00:20:46]:** Even when I look, if you look at like GitHub’s data and ask historically with CodeAnywhere, it was always like US, Western Europe, and then you’d have like India, Brazil, China, like that would be there. But like Singapore was not in, specifically Japan was never in sort of that top, that top. **Swyx [00:21:01]:** Yeah. Weird pockets. **Ivan [00:21:01]:** Weird. Yeah, so it’s very global. **Swyx [00:21:02]:** Okay, so actually that, but that’s helps you to distribute your load through, all time? **Ivan [00:21:08]:** The interesting thing is like we have those kind of loads, but if you look at the researcher loads, they’re quite different. So what they are is like if you give them concurrency of 10,000 or 50,000 or 100,000 CPUs at ARMb, when they fire off a run, it’s just 100%. And then it just runs, and then it stops. So it’s very, the usage pattern is squares basically, right? And it’s also not follow the sun, because people will fire it off at midnight before they go to sleep but then wake up and so it’s very unpredictable, so you don’t know where that is. So the shapes of the usage are quite different than we have had before. And also what’s interesting is when it’s sort of a follow the sun, even if you have a high growth company, you can sort of predict your usage patterns and have enough capacity for that, because it’s sort of, it grows in a, in a way you can project. When you have companies doing sort of like evals and RL, they’re super spiky. So they’re gonna come in, it’s like, “We’re gonna use nothing, then can we have 100,000?” Right? And then go back down. And then 100,000, go back down. So it’s very different, right? And. **Swyx [00:22:09]:** Do you want to lock them into commits so. **Ivan [00:22:11]:** Yeah, we do. **Swyx [00:22:12]:** Yeah, okay. **Ivan [00:22:12]:** We so we have to lock them into some sort of commits to have that capacity, because we have to have, basically we have to have the capacity for peak. Right? And so right now, Daytona’s mean utilization is 15%, 1-5. **Swyx [00:22:25]:** Oh my God. **Ivan [00:22:26]:** So it’s very low. **Swyx [00:22:27]:** Because it’s very spiky. **Ivan [00:22:27]:** It’s very spiky, but we get up to 90%. so we have these things. And so what we’re, what we’re looking at right now as a company is similar to Cloudflare where you can like geo move things around, but that works really well for basically the background agent where it’s follow the sun. But this, it’s not. Like it’s a very different shape. Obviously with scale you figure these things out, but that’s an interesting new problem that we have, as a compute provider in the agent space. And when we were doing the conference recently, and so we talked to like Nikita from Neon and. **Swyx [00:22:57]:** I should bring it up. **Ivan [00:22:58]:** Parag from Parallel and whatnot, everyone has the same problem. Whereas the usage is super spiky, and this is something that has not happened before, that you have these types of like it was always, it the amplitudes were not this high, right? So it’s quite interesting use case and problem solve. ## Compute Conference and Spiky Agent Infrastructure **Swyx [00:23:12]:** Yeah, I don’t know if we’re gonna bring this up again, but let’s just talk about the conference, you had like 1,000 something people at the Warriors game, at the Sorry, where is it? What’s. **Ivan [00:23:22]:** Chase Center. **Swyx [00:23:23]:** Chase Center. **Ivan [00:23:23]:** Chase Center. **Swyx [00:23:24]:** I went. It was, it was very impressive. Obviously, you can, how to throw a conference, what did you learn? you put, you pulled together all these impressive names. **Ivan [00:23:33]:** What I. **Swyx [00:23:34]:** What were you looking for? **Ivan [00:23:35]:** My thesis behind the Compute Conference was let’s bring together people that are building infrastructure for AI agents. Because when I think of what we’re building, it is the agent is the primary user, what are the ergonomics and usage patterns of agents, and so we can do that. And what I found, this was a theory, it wasn’t proven, is that we all have these problems, as I touched onto. And I was, as I was talking on stage, it was like we all have the same underlying infra problems, which is this spiky workloads, unpredictable workloads that we’ve never had before, in human, compute or human infrastructure. And it’s, again, it’s the same when I was talking to Parag or when I was talking. **Swyx [00:24:20]:** Lynn. Nikita. **Ivan [00:24:21]:** Lynn, Nikita. Lynn especially, I was talking to her the other day as well. Like the It is a very interesting type of problem to solve because I can touch on Cloudflare because there’s a lot of like talk about that recently as to how they solve that, which is they have a bunch of geos, and basically, as users work in different places, and depending on your tier, they can move you around the geos. And so that how, that’s how they get the higher utilization. But you can sort of predict these, and it’s If it’s something in You’ll rarely get a spike that is 10 orders of magnitude. Like you’ll get a like let’s say one of your customers has some like an exponential curve. What is that to I’m using Cloudflare as an example. 10%, 20%, whatever it is. I don’t, I don’t have this data, I’m just assessing. It’s surely not 10x, right? It’s surely not something there. And so how do you go out and solve this problem? And we’re all solving this in different ways. So we have. **Swyx [00:25:11]:** She also has the same thing. **Ivan [00:25:12]:** Yeah, I know specifically that like Neon had that issue as well. Like how are we solving these spiky loads and things like that ‘cause we talked about it. And so the interesting thing for me to actually internalize was, yes, everyone that’s building for agents first is going through this, and we’re all solving similar problems, which is quite. **Swyx [00:25:28]:** Let me let me double-click on this. Okay. So for example, Neon, I happen to know that they’re very sort of S3 oriented, right? so they’re just like fully bet on S3. And you get to benefit from S3’s distribution and infrastructure. So I would imagine that Neon doesn’t have to care, whereas Lynn maybe has to care a bit more because obviously she’s doing GPU inference. And, for listeners, we did an episode with her, one and a half years ago. And you have to care. But like, right? **Ivan [00:25:54]:** Parag cares for sure, and Nikita. **Swyx [00:25:58]:** And Parag is C of, Parallel. **Ivan [00:25:59]:** Parallel, yeah. **Swyx [00:26:00]:** Former CTO of Twitter. **Ivan [00:26:01]:** Twitter, yeah. **Swyx [00:26:02]:** They are the search. **Ivan [00:26:03]:** Yeah, they’re search, yeah. **Swyx [00:26:03]:** I You and I know but the listeners don’t know. **Ivan [00:26:08]:** Yeah, we can put it down in the screen, and so ‘cause we, when we were talking. **Swyx [00:26:11]:** I’ll put it up on the, on the screen. **Ivan [00:26:12]:** Yeah, right. **Swyx [00:26:12]:** People can look it up if they need. **Ivan [00:26:14]:** Look it up. And, yes, but they still have CPU and RAM, allocation that you have to have up and running. And so CPU and RAM, you have to allocate that and have that ready. And so there’s basically two ways to do it. One is you either over-provision and you can handle the bursts, or two, you basically have, I don’t know if this is a term, just-in-time compute, which is like as your load becomes, as your usage comes in, you can fire off requests for VMs or bare metals at other cloud providers and then get them up and running. **Swyx [00:26:43]:** This is if you go above 100%, right? **Ivan [00:26:45]:** Yeah, this is. **Swyx [00:26:46]:** Like your overflow. **Ivan [00:26:46]:** If your overflow, like spillage or whatever you do. **Swyx [00:26:48]:** You probably lose money on it, but it doesn’t matter, right? **Ivan [00:26:50]:** It, not Well, you might, you might not That is a more cost-effective way to do it but it’s a slower way to do it. Because basically what you have to do is you have to like queue your requests, spin up these just-in-time compute, get it all ready, provision it, and then get your workload there. And so if the time isn’t important that much, that’s fine, and you can do that. But if your customer, and especially for, let’s say, the RL training runs, the reason why a lot of people come to us is because GPUs are more expensive than CPUs, right? So you want your GPU running at, what, 100% the entire time. And so when you’re running runs on CPUs, when the when the CPU cycle is like down and spinning up the next one, you want that to be instantaneous so that your GPU doesn’t go down, right? And if you then have to like go out and provision machines, you’re essentially telling the GPU that it has to wait, and that’s incurring our cost. So there’s things that you have to try to solve for there. ## RL Workloads, Declarative Images, and Kubernetes Replacement **Swyx [00:27:43]:** Yeah, let’s talk about the different workload, right? You said that, what was it? A few months ago, you had zero RL workload and now it’s 50%. **Ivan [00:27:52]:** It will be this one, 50%, yeah. **Swyx [00:27:54]:** Let’s talk about how different it is, right? Like I imagine, for example, a lot less dynamic code generation of like arbitrary code. Like here, it’s probably all the same code. You’re just doing parallel runs or something, I don’t know. **Ivan [00:28:05]:** Yeah. So you’ll have multiple Depends on the like for each run, you’ll have a snapshot. And they, for the most part, they actually do use our declarative image builder, which is like, “Oh, we, the agent wants these dependencies, these env vars.” **Swyx [00:28:17]:** These ones, yeah. **Ivan [00:28:18]:** Yeah, the declarative image builder, it. **Swyx [00:28:20]:** Which is a very modal like thing that they. **Ivan [00:28:22]:** Yeah. And so we build it on the fly and then we propagate that snapshot, and you can spin up as many sandboxes as you want against that snapshot. And then if you have to do changes, the model can, or like it could be also be automated. It’s like, “Oh, now for the next run, we need to install these things or remove these things or whatever to get, a task done,” and then it goes off and runs that. So yes, that is something that it seems that they prefer. The number one reason I found, or should I say, let’s take a step back. What we are competing against in that environment is essentially managed Kubernetes. So EKS, GKE, whatever. That is what the vast majority run on. And anyone that has tried Daytona versus GKE, EKS is like, “I’m never going back.” That has always been. There’s a few reasons. One is the ergonomics. So if you have, if you’re using Kubernetes to spin that up, you have to essentially manage the interface interactions with that. Daytona, although as a compute provider, it’s more akin to a Twilio and Stripe from a consumption perspective than it is an AWS. Like you have an API, an SDK, it’s quite like easy and seamless to get these things up and running, that’s one. The other is the speed to which we spin up, which we mentioned earlier, which is much faster, and the scale to which we can go to. We haven’t got into features, but an interesting feature is that it’s very hard to OOM, or out of memory, our sandboxes, because we can dynamically on the fly. **Swyx [00:29:48]:** Resize. **Ivan [00:29:49]:** Resize, which is like impossible on almost any other thing. There are some technologies that enable you to do that, but it’s like a very hard thing. And so we actually saw this when, the Terminal Revenge team is, brought us actually. So thank you, Alex and the team, that brought us into this whole space. **Swyx [00:30:05]:** It’s just very rare that, a framework would just say, “Guys, just use Daytona.” **Ivan [00:30:11]:** Yeah, I think it says it somewhere. Yeah. **Swyx [00:30:13]:** Yeah. I was like, “What is this?” **Ivan [00:30:15]:** There’s all, there’s multiple there, but they also mention a few other places. and so Daytona specifically-We have, the, just jumping on themes here We, I don’t know where it says Data Center. **Swyx [00:30:27]:** I, there. **Ivan [00:30:27]:** Doesn’t matter. **Swyx [00:30:28]:** There’s a very strong recommendation, which is, very unusual. Which is, it’s. **Ivan [00:30:33]:** We do not pay them for this, just. **Swyx [00:30:34]:** I know, yeah. They just like you. **Ivan [00:30:35]:** Yeah, they like us. yeah, and also a thing, so, Data Center has multiple isolation sets underneath. The customer doesn’t have to know what they are. But basically we have Docker, which is a container, that’s hardened with Sysbox. So it’s Docker’s, isolation that is a security equivalent to a VM, but it’s still a container. And that is the default, and they, especially in these training workloads, really like that as an interface to be able to use just a basic Docker container, and we enable Docker and Docker. Which for these RL runs, if you need to do a Docker compose or Kubernetes, you can spin up a K3S inside of these things, which unlocks a huge amount of workloads that you can do that you cannot do on other providers. So just on that part is much more interesting. And so we went that, through that. We showed them that we could do that, and they enjoyed that quite a bit. They being the general venture people. **Swyx [00:31:28]:** Those people, yeah. **Ivan [00:31:29]:** And Harbor people. **Swyx [00:31:29]:** Harbor people, do are they, are they a company yet? **Ivan [00:31:33]:** As far, I do not know. ## Customer Pull, Slack Connect, and the Computer Use Bet **Swyx [00:31:35]:** Okay. All right. Yeah. It’s like super obvious that like, there’s a lot of excitement and success around these things, okay, so yeah, tell us more, right? Like, this is an exploding workload, Harbor adopted you, which helped speed things along. But what are you learning as this new workload comes online? **Ivan [00:31:53]:** There’s a couple things that we learned, which we chat about in the beginning. We, and this has led our story, as we mentioned, we like talked to a lot of customers along the way, and we add more features and more tool sets as we talk to customers. And it’s interesting that And I think it’s that the ecosystem is so small and/or the models get smarter, where when we see one user come with a request, we know it goes on a roadmap if like three to five customers come with the same request in that week. It’s like very bizarre. It happens so many times, which is. **Swyx [00:32:27]:** Because they’re all friends. **Ivan [00:32:28]:** Sorry? **Swyx [00:32:28]:** They all, they’re all friends. They’re all in the same group chat. **Ivan [00:32:30]:** Yeah, probably, yeah. ‘Cause and they’re like, “Oh, can you do this?” And I’m like, “Okay, this is interesting. We’ll put it on a feature request.” And then the next one’s like, “Oh, can you do this?” “Okay.” It’s all the same, right? It’s always the same. And so what we try to do, and I personally try to do, I try to be on as many call, quote-unquote “sales calls” I can. I’m in every Slack channel. We literally have about 1,000 Slack Connect channels, something like that. It’s an interesting, there’s so many interesting things you find out when you have all the Slack channels. You can also see where people, transfer between companies. You see leave Slack channel, enter Slack channel. It’s an interesting thing. Also, just I digress, I feel that Slack Connect is literally LinkedIn what it should be. You have a list. **Swyx [00:33:08]:** LinkedIn charges you to, use your own connections, but Slack doesn’t, right? Slack is like, do it for free. It’s more lock-in. It’s great. **Ivan [00:33:15]:** Yeah. It’s amazing. Yeah. It’s one of the reasons. **Swyx [00:33:17]:** You’re gonna pay Slack for life. **Ivan [00:33:18]:** Exactly. You’re there for life. So that’s interesting. And so one of the things, the newer things we were talking about earlier is we made a big bet and put a lot of investment on computer use. that is not seen publicly the light of day. We haven’t GA’d that yet, but we have. **Swyx [00:33:32]:** Is there a thing I can pull up? **Ivan [00:33:33]:** There is computer use there. It’s right up a bit. **Swyx [00:33:36]:** Oh, yeah. Okay. **Ivan [00:33:38]:** What we have, what we talked about and what we’ve seen publicly is there’s this theme now about, the human emulator where And Elon from XAI has talked about this publicly, and if you think about the models today, they’re actually quite sophisticated and they can do a lot of work, but they still don’t have access to all the tools. Like, I’m a strong believer that the most efficient way for an agent to work is essentially headless or through, terminal or whatnot. But if we, if we look at knowledge work in general, there’s about 100 million knowledge workers in the US, about a billion in the world, and knowledge workers, and the salaries of them aggregate to 10 trillion in the US 50 trillion worldwide. **Swyx [00:34:24]:** Wow. **Ivan [00:34:25]:** Something like that. And if we look at, the five most important sectors of that, so like healthcare and government and financial services and whatnot, that’s about 56% of that. So let’s say it’s about half of that. So in the US it’s about 25 trillion, and most of them, most of that work is actually still locked into legacy apps inside of Windows, which is not going anywhere for a very long time. Like, people just won’t invest in that. How much of it? our assumption is the following: if, in the RPA market, which is similar market, well, not the same 25% of, these white collar, workers’, work is automated. If an agent is more sophisticated, can go through more runs, figure stuff out, let’s say it’s, 40%, right? And so if you take 40% of that, you get to essentially, $10 trillion a year. **Swyx [00:35:17]:** That’s a TAM. **Ivan [00:35:18]:** That is a that is a TAM. So that’s the TAM of the models, right? That’s not our, essentially ours. But you get to that size, and to be able to do that, you essentially have to give agents these computers with the legacy. So computer use, either Mac or Windows or Linux. Linux we also obviously have and others have. But Windows specifically is something very new, and the only option right now is an EC2 with, Windows or on Azure. Both of them take anywhere from three to five minutes to spin up. We’ve created an actual sandbox, so it’s a second instead of milliseconds, but you have, point in time snapshots, you have, forking, you have all the things that you have from a sandbox, but essentially enables you to hopefully unlock all this value. And so that’s been our big push and bet, but we’ve sort of, kept our ear to the ground. What is sort of the next things in the market? ## RPA Returns: Why Agents Still Need Computers **Swyx [00:36:06]:** Yeah, knowledge work, and building, and sort of RPA, the next wave of RPA. I got very excited about RPA kind of during COVID times. The UI path was IPO-ing. And it was, a very hot Isn’t it, Eastern European? **Ivan [00:36:20]:** It is, Romanian. **Swyx [00:36:21]:** Romanian?Yeah, it might be the only Romanian, big unicorn okay, yeah. This I don’t I don’t, I don’t have like a I think there’s, I think there’s a stage being set for the resurgence of RPA, ‘cause everyone understands that, yeah, no one wants to deal with these shitty apps and no one’s gonna rewrite them. Like, you just have to do, a remote operation and programmatic operation of them. **Ivan [00:36:45]:** If you wanna unlock it, my own setup was basically the following. So I was doing a board deck recently, last month, whatever, and I’m like, “Okay, let’s just, let’s just do automated.” So, all our data’s in, ClickHouse and PostHog and QuickBooks, where everyone else’s is, and I’m basically, connected that all to, my Cloud code, like go off and go Cloud code whatever. Go off and, here’s the integrations, go do that. It pulled out the first report, which was great. It connected to Brex and all these things, pulled it, which was great, and then I say, “Okay, now pull out this, and this,” and I kept getting, really well McKinsey-style design reports, but the data said partial data. all the missing data, partial data. Like, it can’t access all the things, and I got so frustrated, and so I got, I got, my Mac Mini virtual sandbox with OpenClaw. I gave it its own account in our company, and then I went to all these services and created a read-only account, so literally like an intern in your company. And so I would say, “Now go and do this report,” and it would get the same, or like, “I can’t via the MCP or the API or whatever. I can’t get all the information.” I’m like, “Go log in.” And it will log into the website, then go in, export the data. It’ll export the data and do the thing end to end. So even for things that have today APIs, not all of it is exposed, and I to get value, I get immense value right now, but it has to be a computer usage, unfortunately, and so I spend a bunch of tokens just on that, but I get the job done. And so if even a startup like ours, and using all the hottest tools, still needs a computer agent what hope does, Goldman have to have a headless, right? **Swyx [00:38:22]:** Yeah, what a - Why isn’t Microsoft doing this? **Ivan [00:38:27]:** I’m pretty sure, Satya had a post yesterday. **Swyx [00:38:29]:** Oh, okay. I see. **Ivan [00:38:29]:** Which was like, “Every agent needs a computer.” **Swyx [00:38:31]:** I see, I see. **Ivan [00:38:32]:** So they have launched something recently. **Swyx [00:38:34]:** Yeah, they have Microsoft Power Automate, I’m sure, I’m sure, they’re gonna have their version. ## macOS Sandboxes, Apple Constraints, and the Windows Opportunity **Ivan [00:38:39]:** Version of that, yeah. **Swyx [00:38:39]:** You’re gonna try to do yours, and it - I always know there’s always demand for Mac, but I know it’s, tricky to host, macOS sandboxes. **Ivan [00:38:49]:** We will have macOS sandboxes fairly soon. The problem with macOS, OS sandboxes is, I’m deep in this, I don’t know how much interesting is. **Swyx [00:38:55]:** No, it’s. **Ivan [00:38:56]:** MacOS has this problem. **Swyx [00:38:57]:** It’s a licensing thing, right? **Ivan [00:38:58]:** Licensing thing. So one, you’re allowed to run only two parallel VMs per machine, so that’s one. Two, you can only license to a different user every 24 hours. So if you come in and theoretically, if I wanna charge you per second and I charge you one second, I have to have it idle for the rest of the day. I can’t have anyone else doing that. So the pricing will be different in the sense that I will have to - we would have to charge for 24 hours, and that’s not even, that’s not even the most difficult thing. But the, thing above that is, from a security perspective, they enable you to do memory snapshot, pause, resume, but only on the same physical drive, physical machine. And so what you can do in, Windows world or Linux world is that I can move in the background, your snapshot from one to the other and manage load, right? Here, if you wanna do that, you essentially have to have your. **Swyx [00:39:49]:** Yeah, snapshots. Yeah. **Ivan [00:39:50]:** Your. **Swyx [00:39:51]:** It’s like. **Ivan [00:39:51]:** Physical machine. **Swyx [00:39:52]:** You can’t break it up. **Ivan [00:39:53]:** You can’t, you can’t move things around that, and all of that is, that part is, from a security standpoint, if it is written. Like, I understand the security aspect of that, but it disables you from doing these agentic, like really scalable agentic workloads. **Swyx [00:40:08]:** You need to do a vibe-coded, clean room implementation on macOS that you can then - That’s like Clean OS or something. I don’t know. **Ivan [00:40:17]:** So. We have. **Swyx [00:40:18]:** ‘cause like Linux was originally like a clean room rewrite of Unix. **Ivan [00:40:21]:** Okay. Yeah. **Swyx [00:40:21]:** Or something like that, right? Like same thing to macOS. Someone needs to do it. **Ivan [00:40:25]:** Someone will do that, and someone will have some long-running agents for a few days to figure this stuff out. But yeah. So definitely we - we’re really close to offering something ‘cause people do want it, but the pricing will be different, and the feature set will be sort of stringent. **Swyx [00:40:38]:** Yeah, nobody’s gonna use this. like, the labs, the labs will because they want to automate macOS. **Ivan [00:40:42]:** They have to do RL. They have to do RL again. But even if you The - So the point is with the RL part, if you, if you do RL on macOS, then the next iteration of the model comes out, it will be able to use these tools significantly. Then you actually need to run those, that somewhere. So you’re gonna have to have that, later on. And from, if anyone at Apple is listening, I very much feel that they are shooting themselves in the foot of the scale of the revenue of compute or licensing they could get if they would just enable a concurrency model similar to what you can get on a Windows and a, and Linux. **Swyx [00:41:17]:** Yeah. Yeah. And I’m sure they’ve heard this before. They just don’t care. Yeah, it’s And maybe they will change their mind with the new CEO. **Ivan [00:41:24]:** Yeah. We’ll see. **Swyx [00:41:25]:** We’ll see. **Ivan [00:41:25]:** High hopes. **Swyx [00:41:26]:** High hopes. **Ivan [00:41:26]:** High hopes. **Swyx [00:41:27]:** Okay. But I, it’s very clear the market opportunity is huge in Windows, and you can go for a long time on just Windows, but your customers are gonna want both. and I think, it is interesting to me that, this is the sort of God application of agents, right? Like, I don’t It was - How big was OpenClaw for you guys? Like, was it, was there, a significant bump. ## OpenClaw, Agent Labs, and the B2B2C Sandbox Market **Ivan [00:41:54]:** Not for us because we. **Swyx [00:41:54]:** Because you already. **Ivan [00:41:55]:** We’re kind of positioned differently. Whereas although it’s completely PLG and we have individual developers that use it, most of the users that use Daytona are sort of a B2B2C. Sort of it’s either B2B or B2B2C. So, in the researcher world, it’s B2B, so you’re selling to, labs and neo labs and things like that. But on the long-running agents, it’s mostly, from a scale revenue perspective, it’s mostly B2B2C, where you have a app layer agent that uses you at a big scale. **Swyx [00:42:26]:** Like a Manus. Yeah. **Ivan [00:42:28]:** Like a Manus Lovable type of thing. **Swyx [00:42:31]:** Yeah. I think that’s the question of, well how, um-Uh, yeah, B2B to C is basically to me what I’ve been calling an agent lab, which is kind of like you’re not in a model lab, but you’re making a very good wrapper that is a platform that other people can sign up so they don’t have to code those things. Yeah, it sound, it sounds like a much better market than the direct OpenClaw market. **Ivan [00:42:56]:** I’ve like - We I’ve done multiple things. So the CodeAnywhere’s part of our career path R in the calendar, was very much an end user developer product. And so that is great. It You can get a lot of developer love, and I feel that we do as a company have a bunch of developer love. But it’s a different type, where it’s people building these things. Again, it’s more akin to a Twilio because you don’t really run - As a person, you wouldn’t run Twilio. I don’t know how many people remember. It was like ask your developer billboard and whatnot. And people really love Twilio, but they only used it inside of like, “Oh, I’m building this app or service for thing.” And so we’re very much directly to that. And you also know that I used to work for a competitor for Twilio, so it’s kind of ingrained, in my DNA. **Swyx [00:43:35]:** People don’t know InfoBip is that big. **Ivan [00:43:38]:** Yeah, it’s. **Swyx [00:43:39]:** Because. **Ivan [00:43:40]:** It’s a billion euro. **Swyx [00:43:40]:** They’re all American. They’re like, “Whatever’s in Europe doesn’t matter to me.” But like it’s the, it’s the same size or bigger? Same size? **Ivan [00:43:46]:** It’s about half the size. **Swyx [00:43:47]:** Half the size? **Ivan [00:43:48]:** Yeah, about half the size. **Swyx [00:43:48]:** It’s like, yeah. **Ivan [00:43:48]:** Still huge. Multiple billions a year. Yes. **Swyx [00:43:51]:** That’s crazy. **Ivan [00:43:51]:** Exactly, and so that - These are like really interesting and large revenue-generating, very sticky businesses. Whereas when you’re selling to the - When your focus is the end developer, it is a very hard sell because they’re very price sensitive, very price conscious, very around that. And there’s very It’s very hard to scale. Your cap is the number of people that are willing to spin up - First of all, wanna spin that up, and then spin up multiple of these. Whereas if you’re in the enterprise one, like we know everyone’s talking about like how many tokens they’re spending, I’m spending. Like a lot of companies today are like, “If this is our company, spend as much as you can.” Like basically that is where we’re going. And so if you think about that paradigm, where you’re selling to companies that say, “Spend as much as you can to generate, productivity,” versus, “Oh, I’m a single person. I have this much budget, and I’m doing this thing because it’s fun or it’s helping me out or whatever.” Like it is a different, it’s a different go-to-market, I think, strategy. ## MCP, CLIs, and Sandboxes as the Agent Runtime **Swyx [00:44:50]:** Yeah, there’s a lot of discussion. I’m just kind of going through like the mental list of things that are in your favor, which is, for example, MCP versus CLI. Like obviously you want CLI. It’s been very good for you. I feel like it’s maybe a drop in the bucket or maybe it’s huge. I’m just checking whether it’s like these are big trends. **Ivan [00:45:10]:** Those things you - work well in our favor, to your point just because every. **Swyx [00:45:13]:** They’re kind of drop in the bucket, right? **Ivan [00:45:15]:** I think it’s like sort of all the things come together. And so there’s so many things that impact that. To your point, like OpenClaw wasn’t huge for us, but like having the agent SDK, from Anthropic, so or Cloud Claude Code was very interesting. The reason why it was interesting is that a lot of, let’s call them app I don’t know what to call them, app layer agent companies, essentially they are like, “Oh, I can create this new app, this new agent. All I need, I just use Claude Code, and I throw it into a sandbox, and then I have my interface to the human to that.” And so that enabled so many more companies to actually offer this, and then they would pull on sandbox. So that was, that was interesting. And to your point, like MCP, versus the CLI, the MCP is an interface against an API, whereas the CLI is like you can actually go do things. Like this is it. The difference between integrations and actually running scripts or data or analysis against a thing. So being able to use a CLI very well enables the agent to do more things, and it’s because that people will invoke a sandbox, they’ll run it in the CLI, and but it’ll do anal-analysis on that data and then give you an actual result versus just, pulling data from an API source. **Swyx [00:46:29]:** Yeah, it’s a layer of indirection basically, it’s the same thing as agentic search versus RAG, which where you’re. **Ivan [00:46:34]:** Exactly, yeah. **Swyx [00:46:34]:** Just like you just win whenever people put more agents into their workflow. And so like it doesn’t really matter, but I’m just kinda teasing out like what else have people heard about that like it’s sort of, “Oh yeah, this is another sandbox use case. Oh yeah, that’s another one.” Am I, am I missing any big ones? **Ivan [00:46:51]:** The thing, the thing that people, which is the computer use stuff, which I think is probably the most interesting one, is, and to your point, we’ve talked to so many people over the last year. It’s like, “Oh, like why do you need a sandbox? Why do you need this? Why this?” And to your point, it’s like, “Oh, I need sandbox for this. I need sandbox for that. I need sandbox-” It’s like, “Oh, I need it for every single thing.” And so basically what I, what I - and it sounds like a broken record, it’s like you use a laptop every single day, right? And you are n of one. It’s just you. But now imagine how And by the way, the laptop, the computer PC market, the PC market is about equal to the cloud market in total. So it’s about 150, 180 billion a year. Something like that. It’s about roughly the three cloud hyperscalers is about equal to like Apple, HP, Lenovo, whatever, It’s a little bit less, but it’s sort of like that. And now imagine And that’s just like, so how big is the addressable market? What, how many people are there in the world now? What’s the last data? **Swyx [00:47:45]:** Let’s call it eight billion. **Ivan [00:47:46]:** Eight billion. And so let’s say you can have two computer, like you have one personal and one business, whatever. Like so it’s double that, right? and so that’s 16 billion, right? How many agents are gonna be running in two years, in 10 years, in 100 years? Like And for every single task, they will need one of these. And so how big is that? That market is essentially quote unquote “infinite”. You will get to the point, and Dylan Patel was at the conference talking about, from SemiAnalysis, that talks usually about GPUs, was also talking about how CPUs will now be a bottleneck because it will be the constraint. You won’t be able to grow, or we won’t be able to have enough of these because there won’t be enough CPUs to basically do. **Swyx [00:48:23]:** Yeah. Well, I actually had a really good podcast with Doug Oliphant, who, which was his president at SemiAnalysis, where they’ve basically been like, yeah, it’s been a GPU shortage first, but then it’s cascaded down to memory and now to CPUs. **Ivan [00:48:35]:** CPU, yeah. **Swyx [00:48:35]:** It-What’s next? So networking. So, networking actually has been in shortage for a while if you’re looking at, just GPU networking. But, yeah, it’s really crazy the amount of computer use that’s going on, yeah, cool. I, other questions are, just the one very big part is the open sourceness which you didn’t have to do, your competitors don’t do, like it’s not, a lot of people are worried about keeping their projects open source because some competitor can just slot fork it. I don’t know if there’s any reflections on just being an open source company. ## Open Source, Trust, and Enterprise Procurement **Ivan [00:49:15]:** Yeah. There’s a bunch. So we the original product that we did was open source. **Swyx [00:49:19]:** Yeah. CodeAnywhere. **Ivan [00:49:20]:** So doing that was actually very good for us. There’s basically a saying of, What’s the saying? Like, companies that are, that are doing really well, measure themselves against, free cashflow, that are kinda okay, it’s EBITDA, then, it’s, it goes all the way down. **Swyx [00:49:36]:** The worst is like GitHub stars. **Ivan [00:49:37]:** GitHub stars. GitHub stars are the worst, yeah. So you go all the way down to GitHub stars. And so our original one was GitHub stars. That’s what we talked about, we’re at the point we’re talking about revenue, so we’re we’ve gone up the stack on that. And so we started. **Swyx [00:49:47]:** No, profit. **Ivan [00:49:48]:** Yeah. We haven’t, we’re, we’ll get there. We’ll get there. But basically at that point we did stars and GitHub and it was useful, and the original variation that we did, it we split the core into its own repo and it was Apache 2.0, so very, permissive. And then we basically would bundle that on the enterprise side with a proprietary repo. So it was like open core, but it didn’t, it didn’t fill out the repository was very clean. When we did the pivot, we didn’t have time to rethink this, and we wanted to We had this open source community. It felt a shame not to do that, and so, but we still did want to add some restrictions, so in the new sandbox product we did add a AGPL 3, which is, it’s a kind of a shortcut way to do that where you are open source. And it is true open source in the sense of an enterprise can use it if it, if it wants, but you essentially can’t make a competitor without open sourcing your stuff, which. **Swyx [00:50:42]:** It’s one of, three approaches. Like, there’s, BSL and some of the other sort of, elastic license. **Ivan [00:50:47]:** Yeah. There’s some others there. So pure open source believers agree that this is not full open source and I totally respect that. That is absolutely true, but we did leave that. And Daytona, in its essence everything outside of what’s under a feature flag today, which is like the Windows stuff, GPU stuff, and whatever, it is in this open source. It is there. So everything is there, like our own scheduler, everything’s there. So we are I’ve had some competitors say, “You guys are actually open source open source. Like, you’re real.” “Like, you can actually see that.” And people do like that, and it has helped a bit, but it’s actually more helped in the consumption of our cloud product than actually transferring people over. The reason is you can actually You send the repository to your agent when you’re integrating Daytona and it just has more context. It’s like, “Oh, okay. This is why this is happening. This is why this, that.” **Swyx [00:51:41]:** You could equivalently just have docs that you can Yeah, so, okay. **Ivan [00:51:45]:** I agree, but I, it to be fair, and so it actually doesn’t really help the growth significantly today. We’ve had this conversation with, investors and other people is like, “How do you convert people. **Swyx [00:51:56]:** Dude,. **Ivan [00:51:56]:** From open source?” **Swyx [00:51:57]:** The open source business conversation is so all over the place, right? Okay, on and I would just, for listeners who maybe they haven’t thought this through, a lot of people say, “Oh, it’s our free tier,” right? Like, “Oh, if you run it yourself, but if when you get serious, call us.” Right? And then other, And then me personally, ‘cause of my Temporal experience, it actually is the way that, it’s the, it’s GTM into some of the largest companies where we wouldn’t pass their, review process maybe ‘cause we’re too young of a company or, there’s, parts of the stack that we haven’t, that just doesn’t work with them. But because it’s open source, then they, then they adopt it, and then later on we figure it out. Like, that’s the low end and the high end. I don’t know if it. **Ivan [00:52:37]:** No, absolutely, and that has been historically. The thing that we have found in this AI transition is, and so we haven’t talked about this, Daytona’s customers are everything from, the single developer, the YC startup, to people say Fortune 500, I’ll say Fortune 5, like the biggest companies in the world. **Swyx [00:52:55]:** Big Neo labs. You told me about the, we’re gonna keep them anonymous. **Ivan [00:52:59]:** All, the enormous companies, right? And because the market pull is so strong, we’re able to circumvent these processes. I’m not saying We go, we pass security audits, we pass all these things, but as you mentioned, like Temporal way back in the way, day, in our old version of Daytona, like it took us months, and usually at the end they would churn off because just like, “Oh, you’re too small of a company,” like, “We don’t trust you” “enough.” Whereas today we’ve had these large companies push us, like they would push us through. Like, usually when you would go through procurement to become a vendor of large companies, it would take you like two, three months. We get it done in five days now. And this is not saying that maybe we’re great, but it’s more, I think, a sign of the market where it is today. And so when you think about that, the open source is something that we, from a go-to-market perspective, don’t think about that much because everything that we’ve created right now has been PLG through the cloud product, people signing up and just pulling us inwards. ## GitHub, Agent-First Versioning, and CI Bottlenecks **Swyx [00:53:53]:** Yeah, this is a personal interest, and I don’t know if you have an answer, but, do you have problems with GitHub? **Ivan [00:54:02]:** I do. A little bit. A little bit. **Swyx [00:54:04]:** Yeah. Tell me, tell me. ‘Cause I’m thinking about, well, okay, what would it take to replace GitHub? **Ivan [00:54:09]:** There’s a lot of things. I’ve thought about this, and I’ve talked, I’ve tweeted about this, and I looked at some. I’ve actually invested personally in some. **Swyx [00:54:17]:** Is it, Entire? **Ivan [00:54:18]:** No, I haven’t done it. **Swyx [00:54:18]:** No? Okay. **Ivan [00:54:19]:** Yeah, so I, and I’ve met Thomas or virtually and we’ve talked. So I really think that And this was my reason for that. Because we have a bunch of background long-run agents, and for our time most of them are coding agents. Like, everyone was building up a competitor to Lovable or Devin or whatnot. What we saw from our customers was that they were all trying to figure out how to do, versioningLike, everyone is doing it in different ways. There was like some really weird ways where people were doing that, and the reason was that GitHub as is was an overhead. Like, it wasn’t fast enough what they needed, it didn’t solve the problem that they needed. And to be fair, like GitHub is for post your the inner loop, right? It is post your laptop, right? **Swyx [00:55:07]:** Yeah, GitHub is the point at which the outer loop starts. **Ivan [00:55:11]:** So people started using that for sandboxes, which is inner loop, which is usually, it’s on your laptop, right? And so that is not what it’s made for, and then we had everything from people Actually, the most interesting one is we had one customer that would literally take the entire code base inside the sandbox and every I forgot what the time sequence was, they would just dump it all into a JSON and then push that to S3. And that’s it. **Swyx [00:55:37]:** Make your own Git. **Ivan [00:55:38]:** It’s, it But it’s not, there’s not even diffs, it’s just a whole thing every single time. It’s just every Because it was super fast. Like, it didn’t matter. And then they would go back and search and find, sort of what the file was and write it, and whatnot. Because there’s text file, there’s JSON, like they’re very small so the network cost is very low, and they didn’t care, and they just did it that way. And I’m like, if people are doing this, that means there needs to be a new solution to this problem, right? And so for me, it’s quite interesting to look at who is building these types of new things. Agent first. I think Git as is still exists in the future, maybe even GitHub exists, but there will be a whole new sort. **Swyx [00:56:15]:** Yeah, exactly. Git is like the deploy artifact to kick off CI/CD. But then there’s a layer before that is like the agent collaboration layer. **Ivan [00:56:23]:** Yeah. And so I think something needs to be said there, but on the other side, like there’s issues with Another interesting thing is just like CI right now. So the amount of PRs being created is insane right now, right? In general. **Swyx [00:56:33]:** Even for you guys, right? **Ivan [00:56:34]:** Everyone’s creating a bunch of PRs. everyone. And then all that has to go through CI, and then that’s the bottleneck. Like, everyone’s bottleneck. Like, not just like, not just actions, but like go to any CI provider, you will not be able to, if you have a high throughput of PRs There’s one company we’re talking to, they do 1,000 PRs a day. Which means like And they’re just waiting. They have just a queue on that, right? **Swyx [00:56:55]:** What do they use, Buildkite. **Ivan [00:56:58]:** I don’t know what they. **Swyx [00:56:59]:** Circle? **Ivan [00:57:00]:** They’re, whatever. **Swyx [00:57:00]:** Technically your tech can be used for CI. **Ivan [00:57:03]:** That’s, that was the conversation. That was the conversation. **Swyx [00:57:06]:** Is that a serious conversation? **Ivan [00:57:08]:** We’ll, we’ll see how that goes. We’ve had quite a few conversations around that. We’re we are not a CI provider by any means, right? **Swyx [00:57:13]:** But what is what’s missing? **Ivan [00:57:15]:** No, so essentially. **Swyx [00:57:17]:** Nothing. **Ivan [00:57:18]:** You, essentially you could use a Daytona sandbox instead of whatever you use for, your GitHub runners essentially. **Swyx [00:57:27]:** Like, yeah, I’m The only thing I would say is like maybe CI machines are supposed to be very cheap, maybe it’s like the low end because it’s supposed to be like, non-blocking or like something like a, like a background job. Like, it’s, the urgency is not that important for CI. **Ivan [00:57:45]:** Performance is, though. Performance is, yeah. ## What Sells Daytona: Responsiveness, Support, and Customer Trust **Swyx [00:57:48]:** Yeah, okay, that is interesting, and yeah, I think, like before we leave Daytona and go into like sort of broader like founder takes and what have you, any other Daytona elements that, is interesting that we haven’t touched on? **Ivan [00:58:04]:** Interesting Daytona things. There’s, there. **Swyx [00:58:06]:** I can, I can give you more prompts if you want. **Ivan [00:58:07]:** Yeah, I’d love more prompts, actually. **Swyx [00:58:09]:** Okay. So when startups evaluate you, so you have, you have all these like names and you have more that you can’t, you can’t even name, they see all your wall of competitors. and yeah, you have differentiation versus, many of these, but like what sells them? **Ivan [00:58:26]:** The thing that we found that sells people the most, this is more maybe a day two thing instead of a day one thing. And we’ve seen this again and again. So we have a bunch of case studies, and we have a bunch of them still coming out. They’re all done by a third party, so we don’t do the case studies, and it’s actually interesting to watch those cases. I watch, they’re recorded, and because it’s a third party, people are actually more open, and they will tell you, “Oh, we use this competitor,” or, “We like this competitor more,” or this thing or whatever. And the number one thing that people come back to us for is that our, we have an insane responsiveness. **Swyx [00:58:57]:** In terms of your team? **Ivan [00:58:58]:** In terms of the team, yeah. Insane responsiveness has been by far the Now, we can talk about like features and breadth of product and concurrency and CPUs and like all those things, but I feel that would probably So if all other things are equal, that is very much a differentiator I’ve found. And I didn’t know. **Swyx [00:59:15]:** Is that entirely Slack or Slack plus email? **Ivan [00:59:18]:** It is, there’s email there as well, there’s calls, but the vast majority is like on Slack. So it’s Slack. Like, we have had customers like, “Hey, we have a problem. Can you get on Huddle?” Like, we will get on that Huddle like in five minutes, literally. I’ve done this multiple times, so yeah. **Swyx [00:59:31]:** Wait, okay, so how big are you? **Ivan [00:59:33]:** 25 today. **Swyx [00:59:34]:** How do you do this kind of support like this? **Ivan [00:59:36]:** We’re insane. We don’t sleep. 007, have you heard the new thing? **Swyx [00:59:40]:** 007. like I’ve met your team. They’re very impressive, they’re very dedicated, but like also how do you get a team to do that? it’s. ## Startup Culture, Family Tradeoffs, and Enjoying the Pain **Ivan [00:59:48]:** So there’s. **Swyx [00:59:49]:** I have Slack exhaustion? **Ivan [00:59:51]:** Yeah, we all have Slack exhaustion. We’re very tired. the thing that is unique, I don’t know unique about us, but unique, I would say unique about any successful, serial founder is that you’re able to pull in people that you’ve worked with before, and so you can’t do that as a first-time founder. Like, I couldn’t have done that or not. But of the 25 people in Daytona, I think about 13 of them we have worked with seven years plus. So it’s like high trust, high throughput, high we know what we’re signing off to do. And especially these people worked with us when we were starting, and we were actually hustling. hungry for food hustling type level, and so those are the people that work with us. The, now the new segment that has come is almost everyone is sort of, one degree of separation, so it’s like someone that someone has known, and so they sort of come into this org. And we’ve had people that have like not fit into org as well. It’s just like, it’s type of culture where there is a high expectation of, being online, replying for these things, and I do that first. You if you ask any engineer, they’re like, “You never sleep,” like, about me. And so then I do that as an I don’t do it as an example. That’s just how I’m wired. My wife doesn’t appreciate that I have to tell you. My wife doesn’t appreciate that. I told her about 996, she said, “I wish.” **Swyx [01:01:09]:** It’s like these Chinese people are slacking. **Ivan [01:01:13]:** Yeah. So, that is something there. And so I think every company has their own culture, and that’s something very deep, ours. And it’s something that’s come up again and again, and every single day we’re reminded about that. And I didn’t go out thinking that is how I’m gonna build it. It’s just how I’ve built these things right now. **Swyx [01:01:29]:** Yeah. so okay, I’ll transition a little bit on the founder side. Like, I’m very impressed by you in general of, your sort of balance, you have, you have a young family. **Ivan [01:01:38]:** Two kids, yeah. **Swyx [01:01:39]:** Two kids now. **Ivan [01:01:40]:** Yeah, two kids now. Yeah. **Swyx [01:01:41]:** I think a lot of people I meet, they’re like, “Oh, I’m starting a family. I can’t be a founder,” and all that, what’s your advice to those people? **Ivan [01:01:48]:** Everyone has their own I, it’s a hard, it’s a hard, they Every single day, so my family, they’re here right now, but they’re usually I fly between Croatia and here. Like, a lot of our team is in Croatia. A part of our team, and are growing, is here now in San Francisco. And so I spend a lot of time away from my family, and that is hard. Like, that is a sacrifice that you have to. But going in, people say, on your deathbed, you’re gonna miss some of those things. The thing that, and probably might be true, but the thing that going into this, I already said, I know that this is gonna hurt, and everything has to hurt. By the way, I’m very much of a feeling that everything has to hurt. Going to the gym hurts. Losing weight hurts. Like, everything has to hurt, right? It does. Like, we all. **Swyx [01:02:32]:** No pain, no gain. **Ivan [01:02:33]:** It is literally, but you actually have to enjoy the pain and just, if you don’t enjoy the pain, it’s not for you. And so you get accustomed to that pain. And so love the kids, especially I have a daughter and a son. Daughter is the eldest, love her and do miss her when she’s not here, but it’s like, that’s what I signed up for, and there is a plan and target of what I’m trying to achieve. And now hopefully with my wife, which does support me, we can get ourselves together more, so it doesn’t there. But she takes a large part portion of that. And so if you have a partner on the other side that is okay with that, then you can do that. But even if they do, you have to be okay with not being there, right? **Swyx [01:03:11]:** Yeah. This is my vision for you, this meme. **Ivan [01:03:15]:** Yeah. I. **Swyx [01:03:15]:** That’s your kids in the future. **Ivan [01:03:18]:** Yeah, I think. **Swyx [01:03:18]:** It’s like this,. **Ivan [01:03:18]:** We have to teach them that they’re not rich. **Swyx [01:03:19]:** Because Dad, built the compute sandboxes. **Ivan [01:03:21]:** Yeah, you built compute sandboxes. Dad made sandboxes. Dad made sandboxes. **Swyx [01:03:25]:** Built the spiritual successor to serverless and Kubernetes and for agents, any other sort of, hot topics, trends? You have a lot of hot takes, actually, you are best known for, you were, you were, you were sort of in sort of hustle culture mode, right? And someone quoted you and said, “I haven’t even heard of you, bro.” “Just log off and take the, take the Christmas off.” And then your response was? **Ivan [01:03:53]:** Oh, my response was, “That’s why I can’t.” **Swyx [01:03:56]:** Like, I think that’s, very typical of you. I don’t have it here. I can’t, I can’t bring it up. But, I think that’s very typical of the culture. But, I think you have a lot of, interesting hot takes like that. Any other sort of takes on, the startup ecosystem? ## SaaS Token Resellers, API Revenue, and Startup Hot Takes **Ivan [01:04:11]:** Oh, yeah, the startup ecosystem. And this was the recent one, which is I think that And this is general, business. I feel that the It didn’t come off, I think, well on Twitter. Some people at least misread it. Which is, the market is adding premium to SaaS vendors that are reselling tokens. And I think that’s incorrect. **Swyx [01:04:34]:** Why? **Ivan [01:04:35]:** Because I think So what I think, why I think that’s incorrect is that if you look at, one, your pricing depends on what the price is, if it’s public market or if it’s private or whatever. You’re saying, the person that’s reading that the re-acceleration of revenue is equal to the old revenue, which it’s not even close. Because one, you had on SaaS, you had typical SaaS margins, whatever it was, right? Stickiness and all these things. Now what you’re doing is you are saying, “Here is my agent, and I have whatever the margin is.” It’s way worse, right? And now you’re using Anthropic or OpenAI or whatever through me, the SaaS product, and then we as a community are saying now that is re-acceleration. And so one, I think that’s wrong because it, first, it’s not the same. The makeup is not the same. The other thing is, and go back to, what I mentioned earlier is, the Kua and how I set up OpenCloud and whatever. I don’t want your agent, essentially, because what happens, right now we have a problem that, and this has historically been, you have data siloed in, again, ClickHouse, QuickBooks, it’s all siloed, and now you’re giving me an agent that’ll give me the data, but it’s still siloed, right? And so now I have to, take that data and then get another agent. **Swyx [01:05:52]:** Just expose the data to my agent. **Ivan [01:05:53]:** Just expose the data. Just expose it. And one thing I have to and so I’m like, “Just expose everything and charge me for that.” So charge me for consumption of API. So you’ll have your old seat-based pricing for humans. Charge me for this. The number of agents will skyrocket, and essentially you’ll have more usage, and charge for more if your product has value. So, there’s arguments some of them do have value. It’s a database, not database. We can get into that. But some of them really do, and I was actually shocked that the first person to do this was Benioff. **Swyx [01:06:24]:** Salesforce, yeah. **Ivan [01:06:25]:** Sales. **Swyx [01:06:25]:** Agentforce? **Ivan [01:06:26]:** It, there was a tweet, I think three days ago, where she said every product in Salesforce has been exposed via an API. **Swyx [01:06:33]:** Wow. **Ivan [01:06:33]:** Everything. And I’m like, now I understand why this person has built. **Swyx [01:06:38]:** This guy’s king. **Ivan [01:06:38]:** This insane. Kudos to him. Amazing. It’s like, thank you. I don’t know if you listen to me or someone else, but like thank you for someone This is the direction of the world, and so if you can get real acceleration against that, against consumption of API, that is actual revenue, and that is actual real acceleration, and that is where value come from. And I think that there will be cold shower when people understand, no one’s actually gonna use and pay for these agents and tokens, and that wasn’t actually really a solution, but it’ll drop back down. **Swyx [01:07:05]:** Yeah. Yeah, look, obviously, I think generally correct, and I agree. I think - But people are going to try to become an AI company. **Ivan [01:07:15]:** No, absolutely. And nothing against that. And I - this is no, - To be very clear, this is not a downer on anyone that’s building this thing. Everyone has to get to, get to the revenues, get to the multiples, get the valuations, do what you have to get to the next step. Absolutely agree. But we, as a community, are now, saying, “Oh, this is, the magical way to get out.” This is not. Like, that is not what is happening, right? **Swyx [01:07:35]:** Yeah. No, I think, there was like this kitchen appliance company that put out some AI nonsense recently. **Ivan [01:07:42]:** It was also the sneaker as well. It was called Allbirds. **Swyx [01:07:44]:** Allbirds. No, Allbirds is pivoting to GPU. That’s fine. It’s like, I have - I can - I have some money left, I’m just gonna, do some lottery tickets, would you go into offering GPUs? ## GPU Sandboxes, Data Centers, and Bare Metal Economics **Ivan [01:07:55]:** Oh, yeah, we will. But not for inference. Like, essentially, what we think about is, the GPU sandbox. So, if you think of, if you have a GPU in your computer, that is what you have a GPU in the sandbox. So, there are workloads that do need GPUs. Again, I always go back to 3D rendering ‘cause it’s the easiest one to comprehend. But, if you wanna do any type of RL on, CAD or something like that, you will need a GPU in the sandbox, and so that’s coming now as well, yeah. **Swyx [01:08:18]:** How about own data centers? **Ivan [01:08:20]:** Own data centers. So we run on co-location providers, bare metal machines. Data centers, we technically can run on that or our own data center. Like, that’s how we architected it. Today, from a gross profit margin perspective, it doesn’t make sense for us to get in that. You have to raise a large amount of capital, a large amount of risk for, single-digit percentage points. So today, that doesn’t make sense, but we are fundamentally architected so that we can do that if we want. **Swyx [01:08:47]:** Yeah. you’re a large customer of these guys now. Do you see any opportunity? **Ivan [01:08:51]:** We will see. We will see, yeah. **Swyx [01:08:54]:** Yeah. I see a lot of people, trying to do the bare metal thing, we talked to Railway, the other day and they’re also doing a very similar, strategy. **Ivan [01:09:04]:** They think - I think they’re building out something or they have their own sort of data centers now. **Swyx [01:09:07]:** Yeah, they have majority their own data centers, I - But I do think, they still use Equinix and all those things. So I think it’s just interesting that this model basically hasn’t changed. It’s basically a real estate model. They manage the facilities and then you do everything else, I wonder how it can be changed for the, for the future ‘cause, the AI wave is the opportunity to reinvent everything, yeah. anything else, cool. I think that’s about it. I didn’t have any other, topics. I think this is, as best and comprehensive, if you have, any questions about the compute market, and sandboxing and Daytona, this is the best place to start. Where does this go, man? Like, we’re here in April. Things are growing 75% month to month. Like, where are we, where are we gonna be by end of year? ## The Agent Cloud: New AWS, New Stripe, or Something Else **Ivan [01:09:58]:** It’s an insane number. I’m sort of scared to say it out loud. So, it is - It’s very big, just the sandbox market on - And we - There - We talked about this in general. The entire infrastructure market is growing 40% plus or minus month over month. Everyone is growing 40% month to month. And that’s also a hot take, is like if you’re not growing 40%-ish, it’s not that - It’s just the market. You might as well - You don’t have to come to work to grow that amount, basically. I’m half kidding, but that’s where it’s going. And so where does it end? We will see. The thing that I think about from at least a CPU perspective, a GPU is even crazier, but from a CPU perspective, it is like there’s a high probability that actually owning the CPUs beforehand will be a go-to-market tactic, and it will probably - ‘Cause I - You - As you do probably talk to a lot of GPU providers, their growth is hindered by the amount of GPUs that you have right now, right? **Swyx [01:10:47]:** Yeah. It’s just like, it’s whatever NVIDIA decides to bless that day. **Ivan [01:10:51]:** That’s how much, that’s how much they’re gonna grow, right? And so where - The CPU market in general, be it like something like Railway, for example, or Vercel or whatnot, or Deployment, or it’s like the sandboxes, they’re still CPUs. So, each is growing at the pace of the of their - the market and what their, plus or minus of that market. But it’s still not constrained by that. And so my thought is, for all of us in this market, and databases fall into that as well ‘cause databases also run on CPUs. And it’s like we all have to grow as fast as we can so we can get enough of, CPUs tomorrow from Intel or from NVIDIA, ‘cause they have now CPUs and everyone else later on. So it’ll be interesting when we get to that cap. **Swyx [01:11:30]:** Okay. maybe one version I’ll phrase this is like, are you, is the potential new Heroku, new AWS or new, what’s it? New Stripe but compute? Or like what’s the, what’s the analogy that is most appropriate? **Ivan [01:11:48]:** There’s interesting. There’s like analogies of like - So the, there’s new Cloudflare, but new Cloudflare is new Cloudflare. **Swyx [01:11:54]:** New Cloudflare. **Ivan [01:11:54]:** They’re actually doing a really good job about,. **Swyx [01:11:56]:** Cloudflare owns networking. No one can fight. it’s like, come on. **Ivan [01:11:59]:** They’re doing - No, they’re doing really well. No, what I said is in the sense of their whole agent portfolio is actually really good. And I should say there are some technical I think, personally, around, everything’s under constrained under Workers. Like, Workers is their thing. But from a go-to-market vision perspective, I think they’re actually really good. I think they actually get it, unlike some other companies, and to your question is like, what is gonna be - There will be an equivalent, everyone says like an AWS for AI agents, but your answer, it might look more like Stripe than AWS, in a sense. So there will be a cloud built out specifically for agents. And so that cloud will have sandboxes, and it will have web search, and it’ll have, databases like SQLite or Neon or whatever, specifically for agent and other things. We are not at the end of the new infrastructure primitives for agents. There are more coming. So people think like, “Oh, there’s nothing else. This it.” There are more. Like, we have some ideas about the next ones. We don’t have time to do them, but there are definitely more primitives that are being built out for agents, and there will be, I think, a cloud that runs all that together. **Swyx [01:13:07]:** Yeah. Yeah, OpenAI has said AI cloud, Vercel has said AI cloud, and you are potentially also one of the other, the prospective AI clouds. I think it’s a very big prize to win, well, thanks for coming on. **Ivan [01:13:18]:** Thank you for having me. It’s been amazing. **Swyx [01:13:19]:** Yeah. Okay. That’s it.
ai-agents, ai-infrastructure, ai-tools, ai-startups, ai-products