Explaining AI Agents Through Execution Traces

arXiv:2609.06063v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI Agents are increasingly deployed in real-world settings, where they interact with external tools and make sequential decisions with limited human oversight. This creates a pressing need for reliable and auditable explanations of what an agent did and why. However, traditional Explainable AI (XAI) methods fall short of providing the process-level transparency required for such interactive, multi-step systems, motivating a paradigm shift toward approaches specifically designed for AI Agents. To address this gap, we present a post-hoc XAI framework that transforms a lengthy agent's execution trace into a structured report and a faithful natural-language explanation explicitly grounded in its observable behavior. Because it relies solely on execution traces, the framework applies across different agent architectures, environments, and tasks. Human and automated evaluations across multiple benchmarks and architectures show that our framework produces high-quality, trace-faithful explanations while reliably identifying unsupported claims, unjustified actions, and evidence gaps, outperforming naive LLM-generated explanations.