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Elias in the Lighthouse, Again? Diagnosing Low Diversity in LLM Stories

A paper submitted to arXiv on 26 May 2026 found that 11 words appear in 88.3% of LLM-generated stories, based on 20,000 stories sampled from four current models across five prompts. The recurring tokens include names (Elias, Mara, Elara), settings (lighthouses) and professions (clockmaker, librarian), and the paper reports little difference between models; these tokens are rare in published literature and pre-training data but appear in preference data likely used by all current models. The authors attribute the pattern to the disproportionate impact of small datasets combined with powerful alignment algorithms.

read2 min views1 publishedOct 19, 2026
Elias in the Lighthouse, Again? Diagnosing Low Diversity in LLM Stories
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  [Submitted on 26 May 2026]


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Abstract:LLM-generated stories are a popular use case, but they show very low variability. We sample 20,000 total stories from four current models using five prompts. We find that 11 words occur in 88.3% of generated stories, with little difference between models. These words include names (Elias, Mara, Elara), settings (lighthouses), and professions (clockmaker, librarian). These tokens do not often occur in published literature nor pre-training data, but they are found in preference data that is likely to have been used by all current models. Surprisingly, these "lighthouse" stories are infrequent when compared with the average post-training story, much of which contains references to copyrighted characters or adult content. This result demonstrates the potentially disproportionate impact of small datasets combined with powerful alignment algorithms.

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