# Control-Data Flow Separation: Stable Prompt Optimization in Multi-Agent LLMs > Source: > Published: 2026-09-02 02:30:03+00:00 Prompt optimization can improve multi-agent LLM systems, but the prompts being optimized often serve two entangled roles: generating task-relevant content and specifying execution-critical protocols, such as message routing, output formatting, and termination signals, on which the underlying code re