BERT vs GPT vs T5 — what's the difference? | Rudrite Research Rudrite Research published a comparison of three major transformer-based language models—BERT, GPT, and T5—detailing their distinct pretraining approaches: bidirectional encoding, autoregressive next-token prediction, and text-to-text framing, respectively. BERT vs GPT vs T5 Three ways to pretrain the same transformer — read both directions, predict the next token, or cast every task as text-to-text. A clear, side-by-side comparison with examples — part of Rudrite Research. Three ways to pretrain the same transformer — read both directions, predict the next token, or cast every task as text-to-text. A clear, side-by-side comparison with examples — part of Rudrite Research.