# AI: A Double-Edged Sword in Education > Source: > Published: 2026-07-11 12:07:53+00:00 # AI: A Double-Edged Sword in Education AI's convenience could spell trouble. Lucy Gill-Simmen warns that reliance on AI might stunt critical thinking. Is AI aiding or eroding education? AI's ability to generate convincing answers is both a marvel and a concern. Lucy Gill-Simmen, associate dean at Royal Holloway, University of London, raises an alarm. She argues that AI could make us less inclined to question and verify information. ## Questioning Under Threat Gill-Simmen highlights a important issue: AI's potential to replace the mental struggle important for learning. Historically, knowledge acquisition involved effort, comparing sources, and testing assumptions. AI offers a shortcut, producing answers without the hard work. But at what cost? The paper's key contribution: it warns of 'cognitive surrender,' where users accept AI outputs without scrutiny. Steven Shaw, a researcher from Wharton, backed this up. In his study, participants accepted AI recommendations 92.7% of the time when correct and 79.8% of the time even when wrong. The ablation study reveals a disturbing trend: blind trust in AI. ## Educational Implications The concern isn't just AI misinformation. It's about AI becoming a substitute for critical thinking. Gill-Simmen calls this 'epistemic atrophy', a weakening of the habits that underpin learning. When students rely on AI, they risk an 'illusion of understanding.' They might find AI explanations convincing but fail to replicate or apply them independently. Kimberley Hardcastle from Northumbria University echoes this, warning that AI could erode the ability to verify and construct knowledge without algorithms. Is AI simplifying education at the expense of intellectual growth? ## AI as a Tool, Not a Crutch Wharton professor Ethan Mollick proposes a balanced view. AI should serve as a 'co-intelligence' that aids exploration and challenges assumptions. The key finding: AI should support, not replace, human [evaluation](/glossary/evaluation). Success will depend less on generating information, more on assessing it wisely. In an AI-dominated world, the value shifts from producing data to interpreting it critically. The debate is clear: AI is here to stay, but how we use it in education will define future generations. Get AI news in your inbox Daily digest of what matters in AI.