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A Thread-Register Decoupled GPU Execution Model for Efficient Tensor Computation

Researchers proposed FIBER, a thread-register decoupled GPU execution model that extends the SIMT architecture to improve tensor computation efficiency, achieving a 2.25x end-to-end speedup on Ampere, 1.8x on Hopper, and 2.09x on Blackwell in mixed-precision LLM serving, with kernel-level gains up to 2.49x. The architecture decouples execution from private register ownership, enabling dynamic parallelism scaling and fine-grained register-level dataflow scheduling.

read2 min views1 publishedAug 26, 2026
A Thread-Register Decoupled GPU Execution Model for Efficient Tensor Computation
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[Submitted on 20 Aug 2026]


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Abstract:Modern GPUs increasingly integrate Tensor Cores into the execution pipeline. Although aggregate tensor throughput continues to grow, aided by an operand supply that has evolved from register-based in Ampere to redundancy-free, memory-based in Hopper and Blackwell, efficiently orchestrating the complete tensor compute pipeline for the modern AI workloads remains challenging. We identify the fundamental bottlenecks as fixed parallelism and coarse-grained scheduling, both of which are exposed by modern AI workloads that interleave diverse non-GEMM operations with GEMM. To orchestrate tensor computation efficiently, we propose FIBER, a new architecture that extends the GPU SIMT (single instruction, multiple thread) model. Its basic execution instance, the \emph{fiber}, is decoupled from private register ownership, carrying only minimal control state while accessing an SM's registers through a shared view. This enables dynamic parallelism scaling, fine-grained register-level dataflow scheduling, and offers a redundancy-free alternative for matrix operand supply. We extend the ISA, microarchitecture, and compiler to realize shared-register addressing, conflict-free operand delivery, and fiber-based program mapping. Under a typical mixed-precision LLM serving scenario, FIBER achieves a 2.25x end-to-end speedup on Ampere (1.15x for the original FP16 computation), with 1.8x and 2.09x on Hopper and Blackwell respectively, and kernel-level gains up to 2.49x.

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