# 2026 TPI Aspen Forum: challenges and risks of scaling AI, managing power infrastructure and permitting > Source: > Published: 2026-08-23 01:55:35+00:00 # 2026 TPI Aspen Forum: challenges and risks of scaling AI, managing power infrastructure and permitting The **2026 TPI Aspen Forum**, hosted by the[Technology Policy Institute](https://techpolicyinstitute.org/)from August 16–18 at the St. Regis Aspen Resort in Aspen, Colorado, placed a heavy focus on the intersections of artificial intelligence (AI), regulatory strain, and the massive energy demands driving the next phase of tech development. Furthermore, panelists warned that the immense power and capital requirements for data centers could trigger consumer ratepayer backlash and create antitrust risks by consolidating power among a few large incumbents. A**cybersecurity bug apocalypse** might be looming as AI (artificial intelligence) models begin to find long-dormant software flaws, but for now the big AI developers have limited access to their most cyber-capable models to keep the flood of new vulnerabilities in check, according to the panelists.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. There was also a spirited discussion about the U.S. lead in **Quantum computing**, but that’s beyond the scope of this** IEEE Techblog**article.** The critical highlights regarding AI and power infrastructure include:** **1. The AI Power Grid Dilemma: “** [Who Pays and Who Builds](https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/artificial-intelligence/tpi-aspen-forum-2026-meeting-ais-power-demand-who-pays-and-who-builds/):”A central panel, *, tackled how the exploding energy requirements of AI data centers have directly collided with aging electrical grids and contested rate cases.*[Meeting AI’s Power Demand: Who Pays and Who Builds](https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/artificial-intelligence/tpi-aspen-forum-2026-meeting-ais-power-demand-who-pays-and-who-builds/)- **Siting Constraints:** Speakers noted that**power availability has become the primary bottleneck** for AI data center expansion, dictating where new infrastructure can realistically be built.**Economic Tension:** Severe debates surfaced around funding. Grid upgrades are hitting friction due to the politics of utility rate increases—specifically over whether everyday consumers or massive tech firms should shoulder the multi-billion-dollar costs. **2. Supply Chain and Permitting Bottlenecks:** The buildout of AI-enabling infrastructure is trickling down to affect the broader telecom and broadband industry. [ [1](https://broadbandbreakfast.com/ai-buildout-worsening-supply-costs-permit-worries-isps-say/)]- **Resource Competition:** Internet Service Providers (ISPs) at the forum expressed mounting concerns that the sheer scale of the AI data center buildout is worsening[supply chain costs and causing significant permitting delays](https://broadbandbreakfast.com/ai-buildout-worsening-supply-costs-permit-worries-isps-say/)for standard broadband networks.- Following the recent sale of its residential fiber business to AT&T, **Lumen Technologies** is facing**permitting issues** as it looks to expand its network to support billion-dollar deals with hyperscalers and enable a wide range of AI use cases. After exiting 2025 with about 17 million fiber miles,**Lumen** is projected to expand that to 58 million fiber miles when it exits 2031, explained Melissa Mann, Lumen’s chief public policy officer. - “It’s not just an engineering question. It’s really a **policy question** and our ability to meet these demands,” Mann said, noting that it’s not clear whether Lumen will be able to obtain all the permits required to build as quickly as the hyperscalers want it to. “If we’re actually going to do this and double our fiber capacity across the industry, we’ve got to fix permitting,” Mann added. - Giulia McHenry, SVP for public policy at **AT&T**, said the network operator has seen a 15% increase in overall data traffic since 2023, though not all is AI-related. “But we are ensuring that we’re ready for AI to cross our networks,” she said. - Mann noted that up to **50% of Internet traffic on Lumen’s network is being driven by autonomous AI agents**. Noting that delivering service at low latencies is becoming table stakes, not a special feature, she added, “Latency is no longer a preference. There’s a floor on latency for many of these [AI] use cases and applications.” **3. Upstream AI Antitrust Risks:** Regulatory eyes are shifting away from the user-facing AI models and moving directly toward the infrastructure layer. - **Upstream Focus:** Federal Trade Commission (**FTC**) Chairman Andrew Ferguson noted during his fireside chat that the most significant competitive and antitrust risks in artificial intelligence do not lie among competing AI models themselves, but rather**upstream in the control of data, chips, and power infrastructure**.- Mann said **90% of Lumen’s customers now use more than one AI provider and more than one cloud provider.** The ability to give them more control was a primary driver of[Lumen’s recent acquisition of Alkira](https://ir.lumen.com/news/lumen-to-acquire-alkira/default.aspx), a company that enables partners to orchestrate and move their data to different clouds and AI providers via a single pane of glass. In practice, that means that if an enterprise sees energy prices spike in Virginia, it can shift workloads to another region where energy costs are lower and where ample capacity is available, she explained. **4. Supply chain issues:** - - Supply chain costs are “skyrocketing,” said **AT&T’s McHenry**, noting that a large data center might use as much fiber as the company lays down in a year. - Supply chain constraints, particularly on memory, also impact broadband customer premises equipment (CPE), said Mark Walker, VP of technology policy at **CableLabs**. “As we are building those additional network miles and upgrading our networks, that increase in memory costs flows directly through to the capital costs and the ability to deliver services,” Walker said. - “If broadband service providers are forced to pass along those hidden costs without measurably improving the service, customers will become frustrated,” added Harold Feld, SVP at **Public Knowledge**, a consumer advocacy group. - Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) makers face mounting operational challenges due to global memory chip shortages. Also, the [FCC ban on new foreign-produced WiFi routers](https://techblog.comsoc.org/2026/03/24/analysis-and-impact-of-blockbuster-fcc-ban-on-foreign-made-wifi-routers/), forces hardware developers to navigate complex recertification workflows to secure conditional regulatory approvals for redesigned router models. Manufacturers must re-apply for compliance clearances following any major component substitutions. - Supply chain costs are “skyrocketing,” said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………